Two experiments address the habituation of photonegative and exploratory responses in the flatworm planaria (Dugesia). Planarians possess a well-documented photonegative response; Experiment 1 showed that repeated exposures to a bright light source with short inter trial intervals (ITIs) within 1 experimental session gradually weakens the unconditioned photonegative response. In addition, it was found that presentation of an unexpected arousal-increasing stimulus (dropped water or a shock) temporarily re-establishes the photonegative response. Experiment 2 addressed the development of long-term habituation; we recorded the locomotor activity of the animals exposed to an inescapable bright light. Experiments 2A and 2B showed that planarians develop long-term habituation but only when they were trained in relatively novel contexts; when they were trained in familiar contexts (in surfaces similar to the ones in the home) the development of habituation was severely impaired. The results are discussed by reference to the theory of short- and long-term habituation put forward by Allan R. Wagner (Wagner, 1976), highlighting the impact that this theory has had in the research of invertebrate learning. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

---

扁虫planar虫（Dugesia）中的光负性和探索性反应的短期和长期适应。

两项实验解决了扁虫planar虫（Dugesia）中光负性和探索性反应的习惯。平面主义者有一个有据可查的光负反应。实验1表明，在1个实验阶段内，反复使用短的中间试验间隔（ITI）重复暴露在明亮的光源下会逐渐减弱无条件的光负反应。另外，还发现，出现意想不到的刺激增加刺激（水滴或电击）会暂时重新建立光负反应。实验2解决了长期习惯的发展；我们记录了暴露于不可避免的强光下的动物的运动能力。实验2A和2B表明，只有在相对新颖的环境中进行训练时，涡虫才能长期养成习惯。当他们在熟悉的环境中（在类似于家庭的环境中）接受训练时，习惯化的发展会受到严重损害。通过参考Allan R. Wagner（Wagner，1976）提出的短期和长期习惯化理论讨论了这一结果，突出了该理论对无脊椎动物学习的影响。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。