Research into secondary metabolism (SM) production by fungi has resulted in the discovery of diverse, biologically active compounds with significant medicinal applications. The fungi rich in SM production are taxonomically concentrated in the subkingdom Dikarya, which comprises the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Here, we explore the potential for SM production in Mucoromycota and Zoopagomycota, two phyla of nonflagellated fungi that are not members of Dikarya, by predicting and identifying core genes and gene clusters involved in SM. The majority of non-Dikarya have few genes and gene clusters involved in SM production except for the amphibian gut symbionts in the genus Basidiobolus. Basidiobolus genomes exhibit an enrichment of SM genes involved in siderophore, surfactin-like, and terpene cyclase production, all these with evidence of constitutive gene expression. Gene expression and chemical assays also confirm that Basidiobolus has significant siderophore activity. The expansion of SMs in Basidiobolus are partially due to horizontal gene transfer from bacteria, likely as a consequence of its ecology as an amphibian gut endosymbiont.

对真菌产生的次级代谢（SM）的研究导致发现了具有重要医学用途的多种生物活性化合物。在分类学上，富含SM产量的真菌主要集中在Dikarya王国中，该地区包括子囊菌门孢子菌和担子菌门菌。在这里，我们通过预测和鉴定参与SM的核心基因和基因簇，探索在Mucoromycota和Zoopagomycota中的SM生产潜力，这两个非鞭毛真菌不是Dikarya的成员。大部分非Dikarya除Basidiobolus属中的两栖肠道共生菌外，几乎没有参与SM生产的基因和基因簇。巴西杆菌属基因组展示了参与铁载体，类表面活性素和萜烯环化酶生产的SM基因的富集，所有这些都具有组成型基因表达的证据。基因表达和化学测定也证实了巴西杆菌属具有明显的铁载体活性。Basidiobolus中SM的扩展部分归因于细菌的水平基因转移，这可能是由于其作为两栖肠道内共生体的生态学的结果。