There is evidence that orthographic knowledge can influence on-line spoken-word recognition. Interestingly, when graphic and phonetic codes are not congruent due to the application of phonological alternation processes, people report hearing sounds that are matched to graphic (underlying), not phonetic codes (Hallé et al. in J Mem Lang 43:618–639, 2000). It is, however, not known whether the same effect arises in the processing of a non-native language (L2). In the present study, advanced Mandarin learners of Korean as well as native Korean listeners performed a phoneme monitoring task using words undergoing obstruent nasalization in Korean. The results showed that orthographic information dominated the phonetic judgments of the native Korean listeners, while the Mandarin learners’ judgments relied more on the phonetic input. These results suggest that even the lexical access of highly experienced L2 learners differs from that of native speakers and that advanced learners still have difficulty employing orthographic information to access the L2 lexicon.

有证据表明，拼写知识可以影响在线口语识别。有趣的是，当图形和语音代码由于语音交替过程的应用而不一致时，人们报告说听到的声音与图形（基础）匹配，而不是语音代码（Hallé 等人在 J Mem Lang 43:618-639 中， 2000）。然而，不知道在非母语（L2）的处理中是否会出现同样的效果。在本研究中，高级普通话韩语学习者和韩语母语听众使用韩语中经历过明显鼻化的单词执行音素监测任务。结果表明，朝鲜语母语者的语音判断主要是拼写信息，而普通话学习者的判断则更多地依赖于语音输入。