DNA polymerases play a central role in biology by transferring genetic information from one generation to the next during cell division. Harnessing the power of these enzymes in the laboratory has fueled an increase in biomedical applications that involve the synthesis, amplification, and sequencing of DNA. However, the high substrate specificity exhibited by most naturally occurring DNA polymerases often precludes their use in practical applications that require modified substrates. Moving beyond natural genetic polymers requires sophisticated enzyme-engineering technologies that can be used to direct the evolution of engineered polymerases that function with tailor-made activities. Such efforts are expected to uniquely drive emerging applications in synthetic biology by enabling the synthesis, replication, and evolution of synthetic genetic polymers with new physicochemical properties.

中文翻译：

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用于合成生物学的工程聚合酶

DNA聚合酶通过在细胞分裂过程中将遗传信息从一代传递到下一代，在生物学中发挥着核心作用。在实验室中利用这些酶的力量推动了生物医学应用的增加，这些应用涉及 DNA 的合成、扩增和测序。然而，大多数天然存在的 DNA 聚合酶表现出的高底物特异性通常会妨碍它们在需要修饰底物的实际应用中的应用。超越天然遗传聚合物需要复杂的酶工程技术，这些技术可用于指导具有定制活动功能的工程聚合酶的进化。这些努力有望通过实现合成、复制、