Iron is important for many cellular functions, including ATP synthesis and cell proliferation. Insufficient of iron in the diet causes iron deficiency anemia (IDA), which often occurs in people living in the world. Since 50% of women with IDA show amenorrhea, the relationship of between iron deficiency and reproductive function was assessed using mice fed a low Fe diet (LFD). The estrous cycle in the LFD mice was blocked at diestrus, which impair follicle development, and fertility. Further, even LFD mice were injected with exogenous pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG), follicular development was ceased at the secondary follicle stage, and preovulatory follicles were not observed. Amount of ATP decreased in the ovary of the LFD mice, and expression of follicle development markers (Fshr, Cyp19a1, Ccnd2) and estradiol-17β (E2) was low level compared to levels mice fed a normal diet. Feeding a normal diet with sufficient iron to the LFD mice for an additional 3 weeks completely reversed absence the effects of iron insufficient on the estrous cycle and infertility. Thus, iron restriction depresses ovary functions, especially follicular development from secondary follicle to antral follicles and infertility. These effects are fully reversible by supplementation of a normal diet containing iron.

中文翻译：

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缺铁导致雌性不育以致小鼠卵泡发育失败

铁对许多细胞功能很重要，包括 ATP 合成和细胞增殖。饮食中铁含量不足会导致缺铁性贫血 (IDA)，这在世界各地的人们中经常发生。由于 50% 的 IDA 女性出现闭经，因此使用低铁饮食 (LFD) 喂养的小鼠评估缺铁与生殖功能之间的关系。LFD 小鼠的发情周期在发情期被阻断，这会损害卵泡发育和生育能力。此外，即使是 LFD 小鼠也注射了外源性妊娠母马血清促性腺激素 (PMSG)，卵泡发育在次级卵泡阶段停止，未观察到排卵前卵泡。LFD 小鼠卵巢中 ATP 的量减少，卵泡发育标志物（Fshr、Cyp19a1、与喂食正常饮食的小鼠的水平相比，Ccnd2) 和雌二醇-17β (E2) 的水平较低。再给 LFD 小鼠喂食含有足够铁的正常饮食 3 周，完全逆转了铁不足对发情周期和不孕症的影响。因此，铁限制会抑制卵巢功能，尤其是从次级卵泡到窦卵泡的卵泡发育和不孕症。通过补充含铁的正常饮食，这些影响是完全可逆的。尤其是从次级卵泡到窦卵泡的卵泡发育和不孕症。通过补充含铁的正常饮食，这些影响是完全可逆的。尤其是从次级卵泡到窦卵泡的卵泡发育和不孕症。通过补充含铁的正常饮食，这些影响是完全可逆的。