In skilled adult readers, reading words is generally assumed to rapidly and automatically activate the phonological code. In adults with dyslexia, despite the main consensus on their phonological processing deficits, little is known about the activation time course of this code. The present study investigated this issue in both populations. Participants’ accuracy and eye movements were recorded while they performed a visual lexical decision task in which phonological consistency of written words was manipulated. Readers with dyslexia were affected by phonological consistency during second fixation duration of visual word recognition suggesting a late activation of the phonological code. Regarding skilled readers, no influence of phonological consistency was found when the participants were considered a homogeneous population. However, a different pattern emerged when they were divided into two subgroups according to their phonological and semantic abilities: Those who showed better decoding than semantic skills were affected by phonological consistency at the earliest stage of visual word recognition while those who showed better semantic than decoding skills were not affected by this factor at any processing stage. Overall, the findings suggest that the presence of phonological deficits in readers with dyslexia is associated with a delayed activation of phonological representations during reading. In skilled readers, the contribution of phonology varies with their reading profile, i.e., being phonologically or semantically oriented.

在熟练的成人阅读器中，通常假定阅读单词可以快速自动地激活语音代码。在患有阅读障碍的成年人中，尽管对其语音处理缺陷存在主要共识，但对该代码的激活时间进程知之甚少。本研究调查了两个人群中的这个问题。参与者在执行视觉词汇决策任务时记录了参与者的准确性和眼动，在该任务中操纵了单词的语音一致性。阅读障碍的读者在视觉单词识别的第二次固定期间受到语音一致性的影响，表明语音代码的激活较晚。对于熟练的读者，当参与者被视为同质人群时，没有发现语音一致性的影响。然而，当根据语音和语义能力将它们分为两个子组时，出现了一种不同的模式：在视觉单词识别的最早阶段，那些表现出比语义技巧更好的解码能力的人会受到语音一致性的影响，而那些表现出比语义技巧更好的语义的人们则受到语音一致性的影响。在任何处理阶段均不受此因素影响。总体而言，研究结果表明，阅读障碍的阅读器中语音缺陷的存在与阅读过程中语音表达的延迟激活有关。在熟练的读者中，语音学的贡献随他们的阅读概况而异，即，在语音学或语义学上是定向的。那些表现出比语义技巧更好的解码能力的人在视觉单词识别的最早阶段会受到语音一致性的影响，而那些表现出比解码技巧更好的语义能力的人则在任何处理阶段都不受此因素的影响。总体而言，研究结果表明，阅读障碍的阅读器中语音缺陷的存在与阅读过程中语音表达的延迟激活有关。在熟练的读者中，语音学的贡献随他们的阅读概况而异，即，在语音学或语义学上是定向的。那些表现出比语义技巧更好的解码能力的人在视觉单词识别的最早阶段会受到语音一致性的影响，而那些表现出比语义技巧更好的语义表达能力的人则在任何处理阶段都不受此因素的影响。总体而言，研究结果表明，阅读障碍的阅读器中语音缺陷的存在与阅读过程中语音表达的延迟激活有关。在熟练的读者中，语音学的贡献随他们的阅读概况而异，即，在语音学或语义学上是定向的。研究结果表明，阅读障碍的阅读器中语音缺陷的存在与阅读过程中语音表达的延迟激活有关。在熟练的读者中，语音学的贡献随他们的阅读概况而异，即，在语音学或语义学上是定向的。研究结果表明，阅读障碍的阅读器中语音缺陷的存在与阅读过程中语音表达的延迟激活有关。在熟练的读者中，语音学的贡献随他们的阅读概况而异，即，在语音学或语义学上是定向的。