BACKGROUND Thirty healthy older people, 20 Alzheimer's disease patients (matched on age and education level) and 33 young people, participated in an experiment to implicitly induce phonological false memories, allowing us to obtain estimates of their recollection, familiarity, and false recognition. METHOD In the study task, words were selected which used half of the letters in the alphabet. In the recognition test, there were three types of non-studied new words: critical lures using letters from the same half of the alphabet as the study task words; distractors formed using the unused half of the alphabet, and distractors formed using all the letters in the alphabet. RESULTS Results showed that: (a) in all the samples, critical lures produced more false recognitions than distractors composed of all the letters in the alphabet or distractors composed of the letters not used in the study, showing a significant phonological false recognition effect; (b) both recollection and familiarity declined with age and dementia; (c) phonological false recognition increased with age and Alzheimer's disease. CONCLUSIONS These results seem to support the idea that estimates of recollection, familiarity, and phonological false recognition can be used as early markers of cognitive impairment.

中文翻译：

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健康老龄化和阿尔茨海默病中的语音错误识别、回忆和熟悉。

背景 30 名健康老年人、20 名阿尔茨海默病患者（年龄和文化程度相匹配）和 33 名年轻人，参与了一项隐性诱导语音错误记忆的实验，使我们能够获得对他们的回忆、熟悉度和错误识别的估计。方法 在研究任务中，选择使用字母表中一半字母的单词。在识别测试中，未学习的新词分为三种类型：使用与学习任务词相同半个字母的字母的关键诱饵；干扰项使用未使用的字母表的一半形成，干扰项使用字母表中的所有字母形成。结果 结果表明： (a) 在所有样品中，关键诱饵比由字母表中的所有字母组成的干扰物或由研究中未使用的字母组成的干扰物产生更多的错误识别，显示出显着的语音错误识别效果；(b) 记忆力和熟悉度都随着年龄和痴呆症而下降；(c) 语音错误识别随着年龄和阿尔茨海默病的增加而增加。结论 这些结果似乎支持这样一种观点，即对回忆、熟悉度和语音错误识别的估计可以用作认知障碍的早期标志。