The increasing sophistication of single cell Raman spectroscopy (SCRS) via its integrations with other advanced analytical techniques and modern data analytics, enable unprecedented exploration of complex biological and environmental samples with significantly improved specificity, sensitivity, and resolution. Because of the merits of being high-resolution, label-free, non-invasive, molecular-specific, culture-independent, and suitable for in situ, in vitro or in vivo analysis, the SCRS-derived techniques offer abilities superior to conventional bulk measurements for environmental and biological studies. Here, we provide a comprehensive and critical review of the most recent advances in the development and application of SCRS-enabled technologies, with focus on those biomolecular and cellular high-resolution applications in environmental and biological fields. The basic principles, unique advantages, and suitable applications, as well as recognized limitations for each technology are recapitulated. The remaining challenges, research needs and future outlook are discussed. We predict that SCRS-enabled technologies are earning its place as a routine and powerful tool in many and rapidly expanding applications across disciplines.

中文翻译：

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用于生物和环境应用的单细胞拉曼光谱技术的进步。

通过与其他高级分析技术和现代数据分析的集成，单细胞拉曼光谱（SCRS）的日趋完善，使得对复杂的生物和环境样品的空前探索能够显着提高特异性，灵敏度和分辨率。由于具有高分辨率，无标记，非侵入性，分子特异性，独立于培养物且适用于原位，体外或体内分析的优点，因此源自SCRS的技术提供了优于常规批量分析的能力用于环境和生物学研究的测量。在这里，我们对启用SCRS的技术在开发和应用方面的最新进展进行了全面而严格的审查，专注于环境和生物领域中的那些生物分子和细胞高分辨率应用。概括了每种技术的基本原理，独特优势和合适的应用以及公认的局限性。讨论了剩余的挑战，研究需求和未来前景。我们预测，启用SCRS的技术将在众多学科中迅速发展的许多应用中成为常规且功能强大的工具。