Detrimental age-associated changes in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue increase the risk of sarcopenia. Age-related changes in myokines, such as myostatin and irisin, as well as adipokines, such as leptin and adiponectin, contribute to cross-talk between muscle and adipose tissue. These age-related changes in myokines and adipokines have important implications for sarcopenia, however, recent literature highlights discrepancies in these relationships. Exercise may alter serum profiles and muscle receptor expression of these factors, but future work is needed to determine whether these changes in myokines and adipokines relate to improvements in muscle mass and function. Here, we describe myokine-mediated and adipokine-mediated interactions between muscle and adipose tissue, and discuss the fundamental importance of these cytokines to understanding the development of sarcopenia.

中文翻译：

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肌肉减少症中的肌肉因子和脂肪因子：了解骨骼肌和脂肪组织之间的串扰以及运动的作用。

骨骼肌和脂肪组织中与年龄相关的有害变化会增加肌肉减少症的风险。与年龄相关的肌肉因子（例如肌生长抑制素和鸢尾素）以及脂肪因子（例如瘦素和脂联素）的变化会导致肌肉和脂肪组织之间的串扰。肌因子和脂肪因子的这些与年龄相关的变化对肌肉减少症具有重要意义，然而，最近的文献强调了这些关系的差异。运动可能会改变这些因子的血清谱和肌肉受体表达，但未来需要确定肌因子和脂肪因子的这些变化是否与肌肉质量和功能的改善有关。在这里，我们描述了肌肉和脂肪组织之间的肌因子介导和脂肪因子介导的相互作用，