Apoptosis is an important process of cell death that controls the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Syringic acid (SRA)—a phenolic compound well‐known in traditional Indian Ayurvedic medicine—has been reported to suppress cell proliferation of various cancer cells. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the inhibitory role of SRA on the proliferation of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells (SCC131) via reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induced mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis. The study results showed that SRA (IC₅₀) was able to induce apoptosis in SCC131 cells via increased ROS generation, alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential, nuclear fragmentation, apoptotic morphological differences, and DNA injury. Moreover, SRA inhibited proliferative markers such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen and cyclin D1 protein expression in SCC131 cells. A diminished level of B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2) and augmented level of Bcl‐2‐associated X protein (Bax) were considered as markers of apoptotic cell death. In addition, SRA was able to decrease Bcl‐2 and increase mutant p53, caspase‐9, Bax, and caspase‐3 expression in SCC131 cells. Taken together, SRA succeeded in inhibiting SCC131 cell growth through the ROS and mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis in oral cancer cells.

中文翻译：

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丁香酸通过调节线粒体介导的凋亡信号通路抑制口腔鳞状细胞癌SCC131细胞的增殖。

凋亡是控制内在和外在途径的细胞死亡的重要过程。据报道，丁香酸（SRA）是印度传统阿育吠陀医学中众所周知的酚类化合物，可抑制多种癌细胞的细胞增殖。因此，本研究旨在研究SRA通过活性氧（ROS）和诱导的线粒体介导的凋亡对口腔鳞状细胞癌细胞（SCC131）增殖的抑制作用。研究结果表明SRA（IC ₅₀）能够通过增加ROS生成，改变线粒体膜电位，核碎裂，凋亡形态学差异和DNA损伤来诱导SCC131细胞凋亡。此外，SRA抑制了SCC131细胞中的增殖标志物，例如增殖细胞核抗原和细胞周期蛋白D1蛋白表达。B细胞淋巴瘤2（Bcl-2）水平降低和Bcl-2相关X蛋白（Bax）水平升高被认为是凋亡细胞死亡的标志。此外，SRA能够降低SCC131细胞中的Bcl-2并增加突变体p53，caspase-9，Bax和caspase-3的表达。综上所述，SRA通过ROS和线粒体介导的口腔癌细胞凋亡成功抑制了SCC131细胞的生长。