Athletes may choose to perform exercise in the overnight-fasted state for a variety of reasons related to convenience, gut comfort, or augmenting the training response, but it is unclear how many endurance athletes use this strategy. We investigated the prevalence and determinants of exercise performed in the overnight-fasted state among endurance athletes using an online survey and examined differences based on sex, competitive level, and habitual dietary pattern. The survey was completed by 1,950 endurance athletes (51.0% female, mean age 40.9 ± 11.1 years). The use of fasted training was reported by 62.9% of athletes, with significant effects of sex (p < .001, Cramer’s V [φ_c] = 0.18, 90% CI [0.14, 0.22]), competitive level (p < .001, φ_c = 0.09, 90% CI [0.5, 0.13]), and habitual dietary pattern noted (p < .001, φ_c = 0.26, 90% CI [0.22, 0.29]). Males, nonprofessional athletes, and athletes following a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet were most likely to perform fasted training. The most common reasons for doing so were related to utilizing fat as a fuel source (42.9%), gut comfort (35.5%), and time constraints/convenience (31.4%), whereas the most common reasons athletes avoided fasted training were that it does not help their training (47.0%), performance was worse during fasted training (34.7%), or greater hunger (34.6%). Overall, some athletes perform fasted training because they think it helps their training, whereas others avoid it because they think it is detrimental to their training goals, highlighting a need for future research. These findings offer insights into the beliefs and practices related to fasted-state endurance training.

出于方便、肠道舒适或增强训练反应等多种原因，运动员可能会选择在隔夜禁食状态下进行锻炼，但尚不清楚有多少耐力运动员使用这种策略。我们使用在线调查调查了耐力运动员在隔夜禁食状态下进行运动的普遍性和决定因素，并检查了基于性别、竞争水平和习惯性饮食模式的差异。该调查由 1,950 名耐力运动员（51.0% 女性，平均年龄 40.9 ± 11.1 岁）完成。62.9% 的运动员报告使用禁食训练，对性别有显着影响 ( p  < .001, Cramer's V [φ _c ] = 0.18, 90% CI [0.14, 0.22])、竞技水平 ( p < .001, φ _c  = 0.09, 90% CI [0.5, 0.13])，并注意到习惯性饮食模式 ( p  < .001, φ _c = 0.26, 90% CI [0.22, 0.29])。男性、非职业运动员和遵循低碳水化合物、高脂肪饮食的运动员最有可能进行禁食训练。这样做的最常见原因与利用脂肪作为燃料来源（42.9%）、肠道舒适度（35.5%）和时间限制/方便（31.4%）有关，而运动员避免空腹训练的最常见原因是它对他们的训练没有帮助（47.0%），禁食训练期间表现更差（34.7%），或者更饥饿（34.6%）。总体而言，一些运动员进行禁食训练是因为他们认为这有助于他们的训练，而另一些运动员则避免它，因为他们认为这不利于他们的训练目标，这凸显了未来研究的必要性。这些发现提供了对与禁食状态耐力训练相关的信念和实践的见解。