In this study 9-month-old infants in rural and urban Gujarat, India were compared in how frequently and in which way they engage in triadic interactions. It was assumed that urban caregivers would engage in a child-centered interaction style, frequently creating triadic interactions and following infants' signals. It was also expected that they would engage in more gestural communication in line with results on young infants often being involved in distal interactions. Rural caregivers were assumed to engage in a hierarchical interaction style in which the caregiver directs the interactions. It was expected that they would engage more in bodily ways of communicating as young infants in these communities often experience large amounts of proximal interactions. Infants were observed in everyday situations to assess their everyday engagement in triadic interactions and experience with gestures. Additionally, infants' mothers were asked to show their children something distant to assess how triadic attention is created. These interactions were video recorded and analyzed in terms of gestures and bodily behaviors. The results indicate that urban infants experience more triadic interactions and have caregivers who are more likely to follow their initiatives than rural infants. In the observations, urban caregivers also used gestures more frequently than rural caregivers. For rural infants the results are less clear with some indications that caregivers directed their attention more, particularly using their bodies. These differences were only apparent in the video-recorded situations. Implications for infants' further development are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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三元互动和手势交流：农村和城市古吉拉特语（印度）照顾者和 9 个月大婴儿的等级和以儿童为中心的互动。

在这项研究中，对印度古吉拉特邦农村和城市 9 个月大的婴儿进行三元互动的频率和方式进行了比较。假设城市照顾者会采用以儿童为中心的互动方式，经常创建三元互动并遵循婴儿的信号。还预计他们将进行更多的手势交流，这与经常参与远端互动的小婴儿的结果一致。假定农村照护者参与一种由照护者指导互动的等级交互方式。预计他们会更多地参与身体交流，因为这些社区中的小婴儿经常经历大量的近端互动。在日常生活中观察婴儿以评估他们在三元互动中的日常参与和手势体验。此外，婴儿的母亲被要求向他们的孩子展示一些遥远的东西，以评估三元注意力是如何产生的。这些互动被记录下来，并根据手势和身体行为进行分析。结果表明，与农村婴儿相比，城市婴儿经历了更多的三元互动，并且照顾者更有可能遵循他们的倡议。在观察中，城市护理人员也比农村护理人员更频繁地使用手势。对于农村婴儿，结果不太清楚，一些迹象表明看护者更多地引导他们的注意力，特别是使用他们的身体。这些差异仅在视频录制的情况下才明显。讨论了对婴儿进一步发展的影响。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA，保留所有权利）。