Direction dependence analysis (DDA) is a recently developed method that addresses the need for more sophisticated tools to evaluate causal mechanisms of developmental processes and interventions. The present study applied DDA to evaluate the hypothesized mediators of a classroom behavior management training program on student academic competence. The study involved a group randomized controlled trial with 105 teachers and 1,818 students (K-3rd grade) in a large urban school district in the United States. Analyses revealed only student prosocial skill development causally mediated the intervention's effects on student academic competence. The findings support the importance of explicit instruction and coaching of student social skills as part of classroom behavior management programs and confirm the causal link between prosocial skills and academic success. The findings are discussed with regard to implications for future applications of DDA in developmental research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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亲社会技能因果中介有效课堂管理和学术能力之间的关系：方向依赖分析的应用。

方向依赖分析 (DDA) 是最近开发的一种方法，它解决了对更复杂的工具的需求，以评估发展过程和干预的因果机制。本研究应用 DDA 来评估课堂行为管理培训计划对学生学业能力的假设中介。该研究涉及美国一个大型城市学区的 105 名教师和 1,818 名学生（K-3 年级）的随机对照试验。分析表明，只有学生亲社会技能发展在因果关系上介导了干预对学生学业能力的影响。研究结果支持明确指导和指导学生社交技能作为课堂行为管理计划的一部分的重要性，并证实了亲社会技能与学业成功之间的因果关系。研究结果讨论了 DDA 在发展研究中的未来应用的影响。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA，保留所有权利）。