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The who, when, and why of the glass cliff phenomenon: A meta-analysis of appointments to precarious leadership positions.
Psychological Bulletin ( IF 17.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 , DOI: 10.1037/bul0000234
Thekla Morgenroth 1 , Teri A Kirby 1 , Michelle K Ryan 1 , Antonia Sudkämper 1
Affiliation  

Women and members of other underrepresented groups who break through the glass ceiling often find themselves in precarious leadership positions, a phenomenon that has been termed the glass cliff. The glass cliff has been investigated in a range of domains using various methodologies, but evidence is mixed. In 3 meta-analyses, we examined (a) archival field studies testing whether members of underrepresented groups, compared with members of majority groups, are more likely to be appointed to leadership positions in times of crisis; (b) experimental studies testing whether members of underrepresented groups, compared with members of majority groups, are evaluated as more suitable for, as well as (c) more likely to be selected for, leadership positions in times of crisis. All 3 analyses provided some evidence in line with the glass cliff for women. Specifically, the meta-analysis of archival studies revealed a small glass cliff effect that was dependent on organizational domain. The leadership suitability meta-analysis also showed a small glass cliff effect in between-participants studies, but not in within-participants studies. The analysis of leadership selection revealed that women are more likely to be selected over men in times of crisis, and that this effect is larger in countries with higher gender inequality. The glass cliff also extended to members of underrepresented racial and ethnic groups. We explore several moderating factors and report analyses shedding light on the underlying causes of the glass cliff. We discuss implications of our findings as well as open questions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译:

玻璃悬崖现象的发生者,时间和原因:对不稳定的领导职务任命的荟萃分析。

突破玻璃天花板的妇女和其他代表性不足的群体的成员常常发现自己处于不稳定的领导地位,这种现象被称为玻璃悬崖。已使用各种方法对玻璃悬崖进行了广泛的研究,但证据混杂。在3项荟萃分析中,我们检查了(a)档案现场研究,以检验在危机时期与多数群体成员相比,代表性不足的群体成员更有可能被任命为领导职位;(b)进行实验研究,测试与多数群体成员相比,代表性不足的群体成员是否更适合危机中的领导职位,以及(c)更有可能被选为领导职位。所有这三项分析都提供了一些与妇女的玻璃悬崖相符的证据。具体来说,对档案研究的荟萃分析显示出一个小的玻璃悬崖效应,这取决于组织领域。领导适合性荟萃分析在参与者之间的研究中也显示出较小的玻璃悬崖效应,但参与者内部研究则没有。对领导者selection选的分析表明,在危机时期,女性比男性更容易被选中,在性别不平等程度较高的国家,这种影响更大。玻璃悬崖也延伸到代表性不足的种族和族裔群体的成员。我们探索了几个缓和因素,并报告了关于玻璃悬崖潜在原因的分析。我们讨论研究结果的含义以及未解决的问题。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2020 APA,保留所有权利)。档案研究的荟萃分析显示,玻璃悬崖效应很小,这取决于组织领域。领导适合性荟萃分析在参与者之间的研究中也显示出较小的玻璃悬崖效应,但参与者内部研究则没有。对领导者selection选的分析表明,在危机时期,女性比男性更容易被选中,在性别不平等程度较高的国家,这种影响更大。玻璃悬崖也延伸到代表性不足的种族和族裔群体的成员。我们探索了几个缓和因素,并报告了关于玻璃悬崖潜在原因的分析。我们讨论研究结果的含义以及未解决的问题。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2020 APA,保留所有权利)。档案研究的荟萃分析显示,玻璃悬崖效应很小,这取决于组织领域。领导者适应性荟萃分析在参与者之间的研究中也显示出较小的玻璃悬崖效应,但参与者内部研究则没有。对领导者selection选的分析表明,在危机时期,女性比男性更容易被选中,在性别不平等程度较高的国家中,这种影响更大。玻璃悬崖也延伸到代表性不足的种族和族裔群体的成员。我们探索了几个缓和因素,并报告了关于玻璃悬崖潜在原因的分析。我们讨论研究结果的含义以及未解决的问题。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2020 APA,保留所有权利)。
更新日期:2020-09-01
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