The ability to decenter from internal experiences is important for mental health. Consequently, improving decentering is a common therapeutic target, particularly for mindfulness-based interventions. However, extant decentering measures are limited as they fail to directly assess all 3 metacognitive processes recently theorized to subserve decentering. We thus conducted 4 studies to develop and test the Metacognitive Processes of Decentering-Trait (MPoD-t) and State (MPoD-s) scales. Consistent with the metacognitive processes model, exploratory factor analysis (N = 355) and then bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling (N = 275) indicated the MPoD-t was composed of three independent yet interrelated lower-order factors, metaawareness, (dis)identification with internal experience, and (non)reactivity to internal experience, which subserved an emergent, higher-order, decentering factor. We next found evidence of the MPoD-t's convergent validity; as well as known-groups criterion validity, wherein mindfulness practitioners reported higher MPoD-t scores than nonpractitioners. Item response theory analyses were then used to identify a subset of 3 MPoD-t items for the MPoD-s. Finally, we found evidence that the MPoD-s was sensitive to changes in state decentering following a brief mindfulness induction relative to an active control condition; and that MPoD-s changes mediated the effect of mindfulness on levels of pain and related outcomes among a sample of preoperative surgery patients (N = 82). These studies indicate the trait and state versions of the MPoD may prove useful for the study of decentering and its constituent metacognitive processes. As such, the MPoD may help advance our understanding of how the metacognitive processes of decentering support mental health and well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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去中心量表的元认知过程：特征和状态版本的开发和初步验证。


摆脱内心体验的能力对于心理健康很重要。因此，改善偏心是一个常见的治疗目标，特别是基于正念的干预措施。然而，现有的去中心化措施是有限的，因为它们无法直接评估最近理论上支持去中心化的所有 3 个元认知过程。因此，我们进行了 4 项研究来开发和测试去中心特质 (MPoD-t) 和状态 (MPoD-s) 量表的元认知过程。与元认知过程模型一致，探索性因素分析（N = 355）和双因素探索性结构方程建模（N = 275）表明MPoD-t由三个独立但相互关联的低阶因素组成：元意识、（不）认同具有内部经验，以及对内部经验的（非）反应性，这促进了一种新兴的、高阶的、去中心化的因素。接下来我们找到了 MPoD-t 收敛有效性的证据；以及已知群体标准有效性，其中正念练习者报告的 MPoD-t 分数高于非练习者。然后使用项目反应理论分析来识别 MPoD-s 的 3 个 MPoD-t 项目的子集。最后，我们发现证据表明，在相对于主动控制条件进行短暂的正念诱导后，MPoD-s 对状态偏心的变化敏感； MPoD-s 的变化介导了正念对术前手术患者样本中疼痛水平和相关结果的影响 (N = 82)。这些研究表明 MPoD 的特征和状态版本可能对研究去中心化及其组成的元认知过程有用。 因此，MPoD 可能有助于加深我们对去中心化元认知过程如何支持心理健康和福祉的理解。 （PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA，保留所有权利）。