Background. Developmental origin of health and disease states that an adverse intrauterine environment can lead to different diseases in later life. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of maternal pregestational diabetes on the fetal brain activity using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Methods. Forty participants were included in an observational study with 9 type 1 and 19 type 2 diabetic pregnant women compared with data from 12 nondiabetic participants. Spontaneous fetal MEG signals were recorded and power spectral density was computed in 4 standard frequency bands. Group differences were investigated using analysis of covariance. Results. Our results showed that type 1 group was significantly different (P < .05) from the reference group for 3 of the 4 brain activity frequency bands, while in type 2 group, 2 bands exhibited this trend. When dichotomized based on the maternal glycemic control, significant differences in all bands were observed between the poor-control and reference groups. Conclusion. The fetal background brain activity parameters appear to be altered in diabetic pregnancy in comparison with the reference low-risk group. The study showed that maternal pregestational diabetes could potentially influence in utero neurodevelopment.

中文翻译：

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使用脑磁图研究母体孕前糖尿病对胎儿神经发育的影响

背景。健康和疾病的发展起源指出，不利的宫内环境会导致晚年发生不同的疾病。在这项研究中，我们旨在使用脑磁图 (MEG) 来探索孕妇孕前糖尿病对胎儿大脑活动的影响。方法。40 名参与者被纳入一项观察性研究，其中 9 名 1 型和 19 名 2 型糖尿病孕妇与 12 名非糖尿病参与者的数据进行了比较。记录自发胎儿 MEG 信号并计算 4 个标准频段的功率谱密度。使用协方差分析研究组差异。结果。我们的结果表明，在 4 个大脑活动频段中的 3 个，1 型组与参考组有显着差异（P < .05），而在 2 型组中，有 2 个频段表现出这种趋势。当根据母体血糖控制进行二分时，在差控制组和参考组之间观察到所有条带的显着差异。结论。与参考低风险组相比，糖尿病妊娠期胎儿背景大脑活动参数似乎发生了变化。该研究表明，母亲孕前糖尿病可能会影响子宫内的神经发育。