Common oxide nanostructures such as silicon-di-oxide, magnesium-oxide, zinc-oxide, and copper-oxide (CuO) having useful functional and bioactive properties have been synthesised and characterised. All these nanostructures have been found to be larvicidal towards Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito especially against lower instars in comparison with higher instars in 48 h. Only, CuO is larvicidal against late instar stages after 48 h. Moreover, CuO is larvicidal against first instar stages after 24 h (LC50 157 mg/l). However, none of these nanostructures are pupicidal. Post mortality larval morphology was found to be distorted under bright field microscopy and scanning electron microscopy images of affected larval surface appeared to be rough and uneven. Fluorescent images showed that nanostructures infiltrated inside visceral organs of larvae. Nanostructures also caused tissue oxidative stress in larvae. These results indicate that above stated oxide nanostructures are effective larvicidal agents against early instar stages of Culex larvae.

中文翻译：

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常见氧化物纳米结构对Culex quinquefasciatus的相对杀幼虫特性。

已经合成和表征了具有有用功能和生物活性特性的常见氧化物纳米结构，例如二氧化硅、氧化镁、氧化锌和氧化铜 (CuO)。已发现所有这些纳米结构对 Culex quinquefasciatus 蚊子具有杀幼虫作用，尤其是与 48 小时内的较高龄期相比，对较低龄期的蚊子具有杀灭作用。只有，CuO 在 48 小时后对晚龄期有杀幼虫作用。此外，CuO 在 24 小时后对第一龄期杀幼虫（LC50 157 mg/l）。然而，这些纳米结构都不是杀蛹的。在明场显微镜下发现死亡后的幼虫形态扭曲，受影响的幼虫表面的扫描电子显微镜图像看起来粗糙且不均匀。荧光图像显示纳米结构渗入幼虫的内脏器官。纳米结构还引起幼虫的组织氧化应激。这些结果表明，上述氧化物纳米结构是针对库蚊幼虫早期阶段的有效杀幼虫剂。