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Membrane Dynamics in Phototrophic Bacteria.
Annual Review of Microbiology ( IF 8.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-09 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-020518-120134
Conrad W Mullineaux 1 , Lu-Ning Liu 2, 3
Affiliation  

Photosynthetic membranes are typically densely packed with proteins, and this is crucial for their function in efficient trapping of light energy. Despite being crowded with protein, the membranes are fluid systems in which proteins and smaller molecules can diffuse. Fluidity is also crucial for photosynthetic function, as it is essential for biogenesis, electron transport, and protein redistribution for functional regulation. All photosynthetic membranes seem to maintain a delicate balance between crowding, order, and fluidity. How does this work in phototrophic bacteria? In this review, we focus on two types of intensively studied bacterial photosynthetic membranes: the chromatophore membranes of purple bacteria and the thylakoid membranes of cyanobacteria. Both systems are distinct from the plasma membrane, and both have a distinctive protein composition that reflects their specialized roles. Chromatophores are formed from plasma membrane invaginations, while thylakoid membranes appear to be an independent intracellular membrane system. We discuss the techniques that can be applied to study the organization and dynamics of these membrane systems, including electron microscopy techniques, atomic force microscopy, and many variants of fluorescence microscopy. We go on to discuss the insights that havebeen acquired from these techniques, and the role of membrane dynamics in the physiology of photosynthetic membranes. Membrane dynamics on multiple timescales are crucial for membrane function, from electron transport on timescales of microseconds to milliseconds to regulation and biogenesis on timescales of minutes to hours. We emphasize the open questions that remain in the field.

中文翻译:


光养细菌的膜动力学。

光合膜通常被蛋白质密集地包裹,这对于它们在有效捕获光能中的功能至关重要。尽管膜上挤满了蛋白质,但膜是一种流体系统,蛋白质和较小的分子可以在其中扩散。流动性对于光合功能也至关重要,因为它对于生物发生,电子转运和蛋白质重新分布以进行功能调节至关重要。所有光合膜似乎在拥挤,秩序和流动性之间保持微妙的平衡。这对光养细菌如何起作用?在这篇综述中,我们重点研究两种类型的经过深入研究的细菌光合膜:紫色细菌的色谱膜和蓝细菌的类囊体膜。两种系统都不同于质膜,两者都有独特的蛋白质组成,反映了它们的特殊作用。染色体是由质膜内陷形成的,而类囊体膜似乎是一个独立的细胞内膜系统。我们讨论了可用于研究这些膜系统的组织和动力学的技术,包括电子显微镜技术,原子力显微镜以及荧光显微镜的许多变体。我们继续讨论从这些技术中获得的见解,以及膜动力学在光合膜生理中的作用。在多个时间尺度上的膜动力学对于膜功能至关重要,从微秒到毫秒的时间尺度上的电子传输到几分钟到几小时的时间尺度上的调节和生物发生。

更新日期:2020-09-10
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