Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), an enveloped virus with a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome, facilitates the host cell entry through intricate interactions with proteins and lipids of the cell membrane. The detailed molecular mechanism involves binding to the host cell receptor and fusion at the plasma membrane or after being trafficked to late endosomes under favorable environmental conditions. A crucial event in the process is the proteolytic cleavage of the viral spike protein by the host’s endogenous proteases that releases the fusion peptide enabling fusion with the host cellular membrane system. The present review details the mechanism of viral fusion with the host and highlights the therapeutic options that prevent SARS-CoV-2 entry in humans.

中文翻译：

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与细胞膜系统融合抑制：预防严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒2感染的治疗选择。

严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒（SARS-CoV），一种带有正链单链RNA基因组的包膜病毒，通过与细胞膜蛋白和脂质的复杂相互作用，促进了宿主细胞的进入。详细的分子机制包括与宿主细胞受体的结合以及在质膜上或在有利的环境条件下运至晚期内体后的融合。在该过程中的关键事件是宿主内源蛋白酶对病毒刺突蛋白的蛋白水解切割，释放出融合肽，从而能够与宿主细胞膜系统融合。本综述详细介绍了病毒与宿主融合的机制，并着重指出了预防SARS-CoV-2进入人体的治疗选择。