The synaptotagmin family of molecules is known for regulating calcium-dependent membrane fusion events. Mice and humans express 17 synaptotagmin isoforms, where most studies have focused on isoforms 1, 2, and 7, which are involved in synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Recent work has highlighted how brain function relies on additional isoforms, with roles in postsynaptic receptor endocytosis, vesicle trafficking, membrane repair, synaptic plasticity, and protection against neurodegeneration, for example, in addition to the traditional concept of synaptotagmin-mediated neurotransmitter release - in neurons as well as glia, and at different timepoints. In fact, it is not uncommon for the same isoform to feature several splice isoforms, form homo- and heterodimers, and function in different subcellular locations and cell types. This review aims to highlight the diversity of synaptotagmins, offers a concise summary of key findings on all isoforms, and discusses different ways of grouping these.

中文翻译：

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突触结合蛋白亚型的多样性。

突触素家族分子已知用于调节钙依赖性膜融合事件。小鼠和人类表达17种突触突触素同工型，其中大多数研究集中于与突触囊泡胞吐作用有关的同工型1、2和7。最近的工作强调了脑功能如何依赖于其他同工型，例如，除了传统的突触结合蛋白介导的神经递质释放概念外，还与突触后受体内吞，囊泡运输，膜修复，突触可塑性和保护神经变性无关。神经元和神经胶质，并在不同的时间点。实际上，相同的同工型具有多个剪接同工型，形成同型和异型二聚体并在不同的亚细胞位置和细胞类型中起作用并不罕见。