The dialog between microbes and immune cells is critical for the establishment and maintenance of immune homeostasis. Bacterial-derived metabolites or structural components initiate immune signaling pathways and transcriptional factors, inducing a broad range of specificities and functional repertoires of the immune cells. Conversely, the immune system regulates the composition and function of bacterial communities. Elements of the adaptive immunity, including maternal antibodies and mucosal antibody responses, play crucial roles in protecting the hosts from pathogens in addition to promoting colonization of symbiotic bacteria at mucosal surfaces. The complex interactions set from an early stage in life between the microbiota and adaptive immunity, impact other major physiological systems. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of how gut bacteria regulate systemic homeostasis by highlighting the finely orchestrated interactions between gut bacteria, immune responses and the nervous system.

中文翻译：

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细菌免疫细胞对话和系统的稳态。

微生物和免疫细胞之间的对话对于建立和维持免疫稳态至关重要。细菌来源的代谢物或结构成分启动免疫信号通路和转录因子，诱导免疫细胞的广泛特异性和功能库。相反，免疫系统调节细菌群落的组成和功能。适应性免疫的要素，包括母体抗体和粘膜抗体反应，除了促进共生细菌在粘膜表面的定殖外，在保护宿主免受病原体侵害方面也起着至关重要的作用。从生命早期阶段开始，微生物群和适应性免疫之间形成的复杂相互作用会影响其他主要生理系统。在这次审查中，