Emerging coronaviruses represent serious threats to human and animal health worldwide, and no approved therapeutics are currently available. Here, we used Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) as the alpha-coronavirus model, and investigated the antiviral properties of curcumin against TGEV. Our results demonstrated that curcumin strongly inhibited TGEV proliferation and viral protein expression in a dose-dependent manner. We also observed that curcumin exhibited direct virucidal abilities in a dose-, temperature- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, time-of-addition assays showed that curcumin mainly acted in the early phase of TGEV replication. Notably, in an adsorption assay, curcumin at 40 µM resulted in a reduction in viral titres of 3.55 log TCID50 ml–1, indicating that curcumin possesses excellent inhibitory effects on the adsorption of TGEV. Collectively, we demonstrate for the first time that curcumin has virucidal activity and virtual inhibition against TGEV, suggesting that curcumin might be a candidate drug for effective control of TGEV infection.

中文翻译：

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姜黄素对体外传播的胃肠炎病毒的抗病毒和杀病毒作用。

新兴的冠状病毒对全世界的人类和动物健康构成严重威胁，目前尚无批准的疗法。在这里，我们使用可传播的胃肠炎病毒（TGEV）作为alpha冠状病毒模型，并研究了姜黄素对TGEV的抗病毒特性。我们的结果表明姜黄素以剂量依赖性方式强烈抑制TGEV增殖和病毒蛋白表达。我们还观察到姜黄素以剂量，温度和时间依赖性方式表现出直接杀灭病毒的能力。此外，添加时间分析表明姜黄素主要在TGEV复制的早期起作用。值得注意的是，在吸附测定中，姜黄素浓度为40 µM时，病毒滴度降低了3.55 log TCID 50 ml –1，表明姜黄素对TGEV的吸附具有优异的抑制作用。总的来说，我们首次证明姜黄素具有杀灭病毒的活性和对TGEV的虚拟抑制作用，这表明姜黄素可能是有效控制TGEV感染的候选药物。