The USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR) in Corvallis, Oregon, maintains one of the world’s largest and most diverse living Pyrus collection. A thorough genetic characterization of this germplasm will provide relevant information to optimize the conservation strategy of pear biodiversity, support the use of this germplasm in breeding, and increase our knowledge of Pyrus taxonomy, evolution, and domestication. In the last two decades simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers have been used at the NCGR for cultivar identification and small population structure analysis. However, the recent development of the Applied Biosystems Axiom Pear 70K Genotyping Array has allowed high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based genotyping of almost the entire collection. In this study, we have analyzed this rich dataset to discover new synonyms and mutants, identify putative labeling errors in the collection, reconstruct the largest pear cultivar pedigree and further elucidate the genetic diversity of Pyrus.

位于俄勒冈州科瓦利斯的USDA-ARS国家克隆种质资源库（NCGR）拥有世界上最大，最多样化的现存Pyrus藏品之一。对该种质进行全面的遗传鉴定将提供相关信息，以优化梨生物多样性的保护策略，支持将该种质用于育种，并增加我们对梨属植物的了解分类，进化和驯化。在过去的二十年中，简单的重复序列（SSR）标记已在NCGR上用于品种鉴定和小种群结构分析。但是，Applied Biosystems Axiom Pear 70K基因分型阵列的最新发展使几乎整个馆藏都可以进行基于高密度单核苷酸多态性（SNP）的基因分型。在这项研究中，我们分析了这个丰富的数据集，以发现新的同义词和突变体，确定集合中的假定标签错误，重建最大的梨品种谱系，并进一步阐明梨属植物的遗传多样性。