Assessing metal distributions in cities is an important aspect of urban environmental quality management. Western honeybees (Apis mellifera) and their products are biomonitors that can elucidate small‐scale metal distribution within a city. We compare range and variations in trace element (TE) concentrations and lead (Pb) isotopic compositions of honey, bee tissue, bee pollen, and propolis collected throughout Metro Vancouver (BC, Canada). Honey, bee, and bee pollen results have similar TE and isotopic trends; samples collected in urban and industrialized areas exhibit elevated concentrations of anthropogenically influenced TE (e.g., Pb, Zn, V, and Ti) and a less radiogenic Pb isotopic composition (i.e., lower ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb and elevated ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁶Pb) relative to their suburban and rural counterparts. For example, ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb, ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁶Pb in honey range from 1.126, 2.131 and 1.184, 2.063; extremes measured in honey from urban and suburban/rural areas, respectively. Except for propolis, measured and interpolated (kriged) results in all materials reflect the immediate zoning or land use setting near the hive, providing kilometer‐scale geospatial resolution, suitable for monitoring urban systems. Statistical analysis reveals that no systematic variations or intra‐ or inter‐annual trends exist in TE concentrations or Pb isotopic compositions, including among sampling and field methods (i.e., old vs. new hive equipment and honey from the brood nest box vs. honey super). The results of this systematic study using honeybees and hive products in Metro Vancouver provide a robust, current baseline for future comparison of local land use and environmental policy change.

中文翻译：

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评估蜜蜂和蜂巢产品的微量元素浓度和铅同位素组成的时空分辨率，作为城市金属分布的生物监测器。


评估城市中的金属分布是城市环境质量管理的一个重要方面。西方蜜蜂（ Apis mellifera ）及其产品是生物监测器，可以阐明城市内小规模的金属分布。我们比较了在大温哥华地区（加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省）收集的蜂蜜、蜂组织、蜂花粉和蜂胶的微量元素 (TE) 浓度和铅 (Pb) 同位素组成的范围和变化。蜂蜜、蜜蜂和蜂花粉结果具有相似的 TE 和同位素趋势；在城市和工业化地区采集的样品显示，受人为影响的 TE（例如，Pb、Zn、V 和 Ti）浓度升高，且放射性 Pb 同位素组成较低（即²⁰⁶ Pb/ ²⁰⁷ Pb 较低， ²⁰⁸ Pb/ ²⁰⁶ Pb 升高）相对于郊区和农村的同行。例如，蜂蜜中的^206Pb / ^207Pb 、 ^208Pb / ^206Pb范围为1.126、2.131和1.184、2.063；分别对来自城市和郊区/农村地区的蜂蜜进行了极端测量。除蜂胶外，所有材料的测量和插值（克里格）结果都反映了蜂巢附近的直接分区或土地利用环境，提供了公里级的地理空间分辨率，适合监测城市系统。统计分析表明，TE 浓度或 Pb 同位素组成不存在系统变化或年内或年际趋势，包括采样和现场方法（即旧蜂巢设备与新蜂巢设备以及来自巢箱的蜂蜜与超级蜂蜜） ）。 这项在大温哥华地区使用蜜蜂和蜂巢产品进行的系统研究的结果为未来比较当地土地利用和环境政策变化提供了可靠的当前基线。