Neutrophils are polymorphonuclear leukocytes that play a central role in host defense against infection and tissue injury. They are rapidly recruited to the inflamed site and execute a variety of functions to clear invading pathogens and damaged cells. However, many of their defense mechanisms are capable of inflicting collateral tissue damage. Neutrophil-driven inflammation is a unifying mechanism underlying many common diseases. Efficient removal of neutrophils from inflammatory loci is critical for timely resolution of inflammation and return to homeostasis. Accumulating evidence challenges the classical view that neutrophils represent a homogeneous population and that halting neutrophil influx is sufficient to explain their rapid decline within inflamed loci during the resolution of protective inflammation. Hence, understanding the mechanisms that govern neutrophil functions and their removal from the inflammatory locus is critical for minimizing damage to the surrounding tissue and for return to homeostasis. In this review, we briefly address recent advances in characterizing neutrophil phenotypic and functional heterogeneity and the molecular mechanisms that determine the fate of neutrophils within inflammatory loci and the outcome of the inflammatory response. We also discuss how these mechanisms may be harnessed as potential therapeutic targets to facilitate resolution of inflammation.

中文翻译：

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发炎组织中的中性粒细胞异质性和命运：对炎症消退的影响。

中性粒细胞是多形核白细胞，在宿主防御感染和组织损伤中发挥核心作用。它们被迅速招募到发炎部位并执行各种功能以清除入侵的病原体和受损的细胞。然而，它们的许多防御机制能够造成附带组织损伤。中性粒细胞驱动的炎症是许多常见疾病的统一机制。从炎症位点有效去除中性粒细胞对于及时解决炎症和恢复体内平衡至关重要。越来越多的证据挑战了经典观点，即中性粒细胞代表同质群体，停止中性粒细胞流入足以解释在保护性炎症消退期间它们在发炎位点内的快速下降。因此，了解控制中性粒细胞功能的机制以及将它们从炎症位点中去除对于最大限度地减少对周围组织的损伤和恢复体内平衡至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们简要介绍了表征中性粒细胞表型和功能异质性的最新进展，以及决定炎症位点内中性粒细胞命运和炎症反应结果的分子机制。我们还讨论了如何利用这些机制作为潜在的治疗靶点来促进炎症的消退。我们简要介绍了表征中性粒细胞表型和功能异质性的最新进展，以及决定炎症基因座内中性粒细胞命运和炎症反应结果的分子机制。我们还讨论了如何利用这些机制作为潜在的治疗靶点来促进炎症的消退。我们简要介绍了表征中性粒细胞表型和功能异质性的最新进展，以及决定炎症基因座内中性粒细胞命运和炎症反应结果的分子机制。我们还讨论了如何利用这些机制作为潜在的治疗靶点来促进炎症的消退。