The world is currently engulfed with a viral disease with no cure. Thus, far, millions of people are infected with the virus across the length and breadth of the world, with thousands losing their lives each passing day. The WHO in February 2020 classified the virus as a coronavirus and the name Coronavirus-19 (CoV-19) was offered to the virus. The disease caused by the virus was termed coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). The pathogenesis of COVID-19 is associated with elevation of several immune players as well as inflammatory factors which contribute to cytokine storms. Currently, the detection of CoV-19 RNA is through reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable of suppressing several kinds of cytokines via the paracrine secretion system. Therefore, MSCs therapy could be game changer in the treatment of the current COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, intravenous IG may be capable of suppressing the high expression of IL-6 by the CoV-19 resulting in lessen disease burden. Anti-inflammatory medications like, corticosteroids, tocilizumab, glycyrrhetinic acid, as well as etoposide may be very advantageous in decreasing the COVID-19 burden because their mode of action targets the cytokine storms initiated by the CoV-19. It is important to indicate that, these medications do not target the virus itself. Therefore, potent CoV-19 anti-viral medications are needed to completely cure patients with COVID-19. Furthermore, a vaccine is urgently needed to stop the spread of the virus. This review, therefore, elucidates the immune players in the management of COVID-19; focusing principally on MSCs and inflammatory mediators.

目前，世界上充满了无法治愈的病毒性疾病。因此，到目前为止，全世界有数百万人感染了该病毒，成千上万的人每天都在失去生命。2020年2月，世界卫生组织将该病毒归类为冠状病毒，并为该病毒提供了冠状病毒19号（CoV-19）。由病毒引起的疾病被称为冠状病毒疾病-19（COVID-19）。COVID-19的发病机理与几种免疫因子的升高以及导致细胞因子风暴的炎症因子有关。目前，CoV-19 RNA的检测是通过逆转录聚合酶链反应（RTPCR）进行的。间充质干细胞（MSC）能够通过旁分泌系统抑制几种细胞因子。所以，在当前COVID-19大流行的治疗中，MSC疗法可能会改变游戏规则。而且，静脉注射IG可能能够抑制CoV-19引起的IL-6的高表达，从而减轻疾病负担。诸如皮质类固醇，托珠单抗，甘草次酸以及依托泊苷之类的消炎药在减轻COVID-19负担方面可能非常有利，因为它们的作用方式针对的是CoV-19引发的细胞因子风暴。重要的是要指出，这些药物并不针对病毒本身。因此，需要有效的CoV-19抗病毒药物才能完全治愈COVID-19患者。此外，迫切需要一种疫苗来阻止病毒的传播。因此，本综述阐明了COVID-19管理中的免疫因素。