Seaweed (macroalgae) is considered as a sustainable bioresource rich in high‐quality nutrients such as protein. Seaweed protein can be used as an alternative to other protein sources. Furthermore, these proteins are natural reservoirs of bioactive peptides (BAPs) associated with various health benefits such as antioxidant, antihypertensive, and antidiabetic activities. However, seaweed‐derived BAPs remain underexploited due to challenges that arise during protein extraction from algal biomass. Coupled with this, limited proteomic information exists regarding certain seaweed species. This review highlights the current state of the art of seaweed protein extraction techniques, e.g., liquid, ultrasound, microwave, pulsed electric field, and high hydrostatic pressure assisted extraction. The review also focuses on the enzymatic hydrolysis of seaweed proteins and characterization of the resultant hydrolysates/peptides using electrophoretic and chromatographic techniques. This includes reference to methods employed for separation, fractionation, and purification of seaweed BAPs, as well as the methodologies used for identification, e.g., analysis by mass spectrometry. Furthermore, a bioinformatics or in silico approach to aid discovery of seaweed BAPs is discussed herein. Based on the information available to date, it is suggested that further research is required in this area for the development of seaweed BAPs for nutraceutical applications.

中文翻译：

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从海藻中提取，纯化，鉴定和验证生物活性肽的最新知识。

海藻（宏藻）被认为是一种可持续的生物资源，富含蛋白质等优质营养素。海藻蛋白可以用作其他蛋白来源的替代品。此外，这些蛋白质是生物活性肽（BAP）的天然储库，具有各种健康益处，例如抗氧化剂，抗高血压和抗糖尿病活性。但是，由于从藻类生物质中提取蛋白质时会遇到挑战，因此海藻衍生的BAP仍未得到充分利用。与此相关，关于某些海藻物种的蛋白质组信息有限。这篇综述突出了海藻蛋白提取技术的最新技术水平，例如液体，超声波，微波，脉冲电场和高静水压辅助提取。综述还着重于海藻蛋白的酶促水解以及使用电泳和色谱技术表征所得的水解产物/肽。这包括对用于分离，分离和纯化海藻BAP的方法的参考，以及用于鉴定（例如通过质谱分析）的方法的参考。此外，生物信息学或本文讨论了计算机模拟方法以帮助发现海藻BAP。根据迄今为止可获得的信息，建议在此领域进行进一步研究以开发用于营养保健用途的海藻BAP。