Cyanotoxins are produced by the toxic cyanobacterial species present in algal blooms formed in water bodies due to nutrient over‐enrichment by human influences and natural environmental conditions. Extensive studies are available on the most widely encountered cyanotoxins, microcystins (MCs) in fresh and brackish water bodies. MC contaminated water poses severe risks to human health, environmental sustainability, and aquatic life. Therefore, commonly occurring MCs should be monitored. Occasionally, detection and quantification of these toxins are difficult due to the unavailability of pure standards. Enzymatic, immunological assays, and analytical techniques like protein phosphatase inhibition assay, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, high‐performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry, and biosensors are used for their detection and quantification. There is no single method for the detection of all the different types of MCs; therefore, various techniques are often combined to yield reliable results. Biosensor development offered a problem‐solving approach in the detection of MCs due to their high accuracy, sensitivity, rapid response, and portability. In this review, an endeavor has been made to uncover emerging techniques used for the detection and quantification of the MCs.

中文翻译：

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微囊藻毒素定量分析方法的最新进展。

氰毒素是人为因素和自然环境条件下营养物质过分富集而在水体中形成的藻华中存在的有毒蓝细菌物种产生的。对淡水和微咸水体中最广泛使用的氰毒素，微囊藻毒素（MC）进行了广泛的研究。MC污染的水对人类健康，环境可持续性和水生生物构成严重威胁。因此，应监视常见的MC。有时，由于没有纯标准品，很难检测和定量这些毒素。酶促，免疫学测定和分析技术，例如蛋白磷酸酶抑制测定，酶联免疫吸附测定，高效液相色谱法，液相色谱-质谱法，生物传感器用于检测和定量。没有一种方法可以检测所有不同类型的MC。因此，通常会结合使用各种技术来产生可靠的结果。生物传感器的开发提供了一种解决MC的问题的方法，因为它们具有很高的准确性，灵敏度，快速响应性和便携性。在这篇综述中，我们努力发现用于检测和定量MC的新兴技术。