Human rhythmic movements spontaneously synchronize with auditory rhythms at various frequency ratios. The emergence of more complex relationships, for instance, frequency ratios of 1:2 and 1:3, is enhanced by adding a congruent accentuation pattern (binary for 1:2 and ternary for 1:3), resulting in a 1:1 movement–accentuation relationship. However, this benefit of accentuation on movement synchronization appears to be stronger for the ternary pattern than for the binary pattern. Here, we investigated whether this difference in accent-induced movement synchronization may be related to a difference in the neural tracking of these accentuation profiles. Accented and control unaccented auditory sequences were presented to participants who concurrently produced finger taps at their preferred frequency, and spontaneous movement synchronization was measured. EEG was recorded during passive listening to each auditory sequence. The results revealed that enhanced movement synchronization with ternary accentuation was accompanied by enhanced neural tracking of this pattern. Larger EEG responses at the accentuation frequency were found for the ternary pattern compared to the binary pattern. Moreover, the amplitude of accent-induced EEG responses was positively correlated with the magnitude of accent-induced movement synchronization across participants. Altogether, these findings show that the dynamics of spontaneous auditory–motor synchronization is strongly driven by the multi-time-scale sensory processing of auditory rhythms, highlighting the importance of considering neural responses to rhythmic sequences for understanding and enhancing synchronization performance.

人类的节奏运动以各种频率比自发地与听觉节奏同步。出现更复杂的关系，例如 1:2 和 1:3 的频率比，通过添加一致的重音模式（1:2 的二进制和 1:3 的三元）得到增强，从而产生 1:1 的运动——强调关系。然而，对于三元模式而言，这种强调运动同步的好处似乎比二元模式更强。在这里，我们调查了重音引起的运动同步的这种差异是否与这些重音配置文件的神经跟踪差异有关。将重音和控制非重音听觉序列呈现给以他们喜欢的频率同时产生手指敲击的参与者，并测量自发运动同步。在被动收听每个听觉序列期间记录 EEG。结果表明，增强的运动同步与三重强调伴随着对这种模式的神经跟踪的增强。与二元模式相比，三元模式在加重频率处发现了更大的 EEG 响应。此外，口音引起的脑电图反应的幅度与参与者之间口音引起的运动同步的幅度呈正相关。总而言之，这些发现表明，自发听觉-运动同步的动力学受到听觉节律的多时间尺度感觉处理的强烈驱动，