BACKGROUND Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAA) are repellants that cross the placental barrier, enabling interference with fetal programming. Maternal PFAA concentrations have been associated with offspring obesity and dyslipidemia in childhood and adulthood, but this association has not been studied in infancy. OBJECTIVES We investigated associations between maternal PFAA concentrations and repeated markers of adiposity and lipid metabolism in infancy. METHODS In the prospective Odense Child Cohort, maternal pregnancy serum concentrations of five PFAA: Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) were measured in 649 women. Offspring were examined at birth (n=613) and at 3 months (n=602) and 18 months (n=503) of age. Total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglyceride were evaluated at 3 months (n=262) and 18 months (n=198) of age. Mixed effects linear regression models estimated associations between PFAA and standardized (SDS) body mass index (BMI), ponderal index, and waist circumference. Associations between PFAA and body fat% (BF%) and plasma lipids SDS at 3 months and 18 months of age were investigated with linear regression models. RESULTS PFNA and PFDA were associated with higher BMI SDS [adjusted β=0.26; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.03, 0.49 and β=0.58; 95% CI: -0.03, 1.19, respectively, for 1-ng/mL increases] and ponderal index SDS (β=0.36; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.59 and β=1.02; 95% CI: 0.40, 1.64, respectively) at 3 and 18 months of age (pooled) in girls. Corresponding estimates for boys were closer to the null but not significantly different from estimates for girls. In boys and girls (combined), PFNA and PFDA were associated with BF% at age 3 months (for 1-ng/mL PFDA, β=0.40; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.75), and PFDA was associated with total cholesterol SDS at 18 months (β=1.06; 95% CI: 0.08, 2.03) (n=83). DISCUSSION Prenatal PFAA were positively associated with longitudinal markers of adiposity and higher total cholesterol in infancy. These findings deserve attention in light of rising rates of childhood overweight conditions and dyslipidemia. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5184.

中文翻译：

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婴儿期全氟烷基酸的产前暴露以及与肥胖和血浆脂质标志物的关联：欧登塞儿童队列研究。

背景全氟烷基酸（PFAA）是穿过胎盘屏障的排斥剂，能够干扰胎儿编程。母体 PFAA 浓度与儿童和成年期的后代肥胖和血脂异常有关，但尚未在婴儿期研究这种关联。目的 我们调查了母体 PFAA 浓度与婴儿期肥胖和脂质代谢重复标志物之间的关联。方法 在前瞻性欧登塞儿童队列中，测量了五种 PFAA 的孕产妇血清浓度：全氟己烷磺酸 (PFHxS)、全氟辛烷磺酸 (PFOS)、全氟辛酸 (PFOA)、全氟壬酸 (PFNA) 和全氟癸酸 (PFDA)在 649 名女性中。在出生 (n=613) 和 3 个月 (n=602) 和 18 个月 (n=503) 时检查后代。在 3 个月 (n=262) 和 18 个月 (n=198) 时评估总胆固醇、LDL、HDL 和甘油三酯。混合效应线性回归模型估计了 PFAA 与标准化 (SDS) 体重指数 (BMI)、体重指数和腰围之间的关联。使用线性回归模型研究了 3 个月和 18 个月大时 PFAA 与体脂百分比 (BF%) 和血脂 SDS 之间的关联。结果 PFNA 和 PFDA 与较高的 BMI SDS 相关 [调整后的 β=0.26；95% 置信区间 (CI)：0.03、0.49 和 β=0.58；95% CI：分别为 -0.03、1.19，对于 1-ng/mL 增加]和重量指数 SDS（β=0.36；95% CI：0.13、0.59 和 β=1.02；95% CI：分别为 0.40、1.64）女孩在 3 个月和 18 个月大时（合并）。男孩的相应估计更接近于零，但与女孩的估计没有显着差异。在男孩和女孩（合并）中，PFNA 和 PFDA 与 3 个月时的 BF% 相关（对于 1-ng/mL PFDA，β=0.40；95% CI：0.04, 0.75），PFDA 与总胆固醇 SDS 相关在 18 个月时 (β=1.06；95% CI：0.08, 2.03) (n=83)。讨论 产前 PFAA 与肥胖的纵向标志物和婴儿期较高的总胆固醇呈正相关。鉴于儿童超重和血脂异常的发病率不断上升，这些发现值得关注。https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5184。03) (n=83)。讨论 产前 PFAA 与肥胖的纵向标志物和婴儿期较高的总胆固醇呈正相关。鉴于儿童超重和血脂异常的发病率不断上升，这些发现值得关注。https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5184。03) (n=83)。讨论 产前 PFAA 与肥胖的纵向标志物和婴儿期较高的总胆固醇呈正相关。鉴于儿童超重和血脂异常的发病率不断上升，这些发现值得关注。https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5184。