Adenoviruses are a frequent cause of acute upper respiratory tract infections that can also cause disseminated disease in immunosuppressed patients. We identified a novel adenovirus, squirrel monkey adenovirus 1 (SqMAdV-1), as the cause of fatal infection in an immunocompromised squirrel monkey (Saimiri boliviensis) at the Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research (KCCMR). Sequencing of SqMAdV-1 revealed that it is most closely related (80.4 % pairwise nucleotide identity) to the titi monkey (Plecturocebus cupreus) adenovirus (TMAdV). Although identified in the titi monkey, TMAdV is highly lethal in these monkeys, and they are not thought to be the natural host. While SqMAdV-1 is similar to other primate adenoviruses in size and genomic characteristics, a nucleotide polymorphism at the expected stop codon of the DNA polymerase gene results in a 126 amino acid extension at the carboxy terminus, a feature not previously observed among other primate adenoviruses. PCR testing and partial sequencing of 95 archived faecal samples from other squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis and Saimiri sciureus) housed at the KCCMR revealed the presence of three distinct, and apparently endemic species of adenoviruses. A grouping of ten squirrel monkey adenovirus variants has high similarity to SqMAdV-1. A single adenovirus variant (designated SqMAdV-3), detected in five monkeys, has similarity to tufted capuchin (Sapajus apella) adenoviruses. The largest group of adenovirus variants detected (designated SqMAdV-2.0–2.16) has very high similarity (93–99 %) to the TMAdV, suggesting that squirrel monkeys may be the natural host of the TMAdV.

中文翻译：

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免疫抑制期间致命感染后松鼠猴新型腺病毒的流行病学和分子特征。


腺病毒是急性上呼吸道感染的常见原因，也可在免疫抑制患者中引起播散性疾病。我们在基林比较医学和研究中心 (KCCMR) 发现了一种新型腺病毒，即松鼠猴腺病毒 1 (SqMAdV-1)，它是免疫功能低下的松鼠猴 ( Saimiri boliviensis ) 致命感染的原因。 SqMAdV-1 的测序表明，它与蒂蒂猴 ( Plecturocebus cupreus ) 腺病毒 (TMAdV) 最密切相关（80.4% 成对核苷酸同一性）。尽管在蒂蒂猴身上发现了TMAdV，但TMAdV在这些猴子中具有高度致死性，并且不认为它们是天然宿主。虽然 SqMAdV-1 在大小和基因组特征上与其他灵长类腺病毒相似，但 DNA 聚合酶基因预期终止密码子处的核苷酸多态性导致羧基末端延伸 126 个氨基酸，这是以前在其他灵长类腺病毒中未观察到的特征。对 KCCMR 饲养的其他松鼠猴（ Saimiri boliviensis和Saimiri sciureus ）的 95 份存档粪便样本进行 PCR 检测和部分测序，结果显示存在三种不同的、显然是地方性的腺病毒。一组 10 种松鼠猴腺病毒变种与 SqMAdV-1 具有高度相似性。在五只猴子中检测到的单一腺病毒变种（称为 SqMAdV-3）与簇绒卷尾猴 ( Sapajus apella ) 腺病毒相似。检测到的最大一组腺病毒变种（指定为 SqMAdV-2.0-2.16）与 TMAdV 具有非常高的相似性（93-99%），表明松鼠猴可能是 TMAdV 的天然宿主。