Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Ahead of Print.
Holder pasteurization (62.5 °C, 30 min) of human milk is thought to reduce the risk of transmitting viruses to an infant. Some viruses may be secreted into milk – others may be contaminants. The effect of thermal pasteurization on viruses in human milk has yet to be rigorously reviewed. The objective of this study is to characterize the effect of common pasteurization techniques on viruses in human milk and non-human milk matrices. Databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science) were searched from inception to April 20th, 2020, for primary research articles assessing the impact of pasteurization on viral load or detection of live virus. Reviews were excluded, as were studies lacking quantitative measurements or those assessing pasteurization as a component of a larger process. Overall, of 65 131 reports identified, 109 studies were included. Pasteurization of human milk at a minimum temperature of 56−60 °C is effective at reducing detectable live virus. In cell culture media or plasma, coronaviruses (e.g., SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV) are highly susceptible to heating at ≥56 °C. Although pasteurization parameters and matrices reported vary, all viruses studied, except parvoviruses, were susceptible to thermal killing. Future research important for the study of novel viruses should standardize pasteurization protocols and should test inactivation in human milk. Novelty In all matrices, including human milk, pasteurization at 62.5 °C was generally sufficient to reduce surviving viral load by several logs or to below the limit of detection. Holder pasteurization (62.5 °C, 30 min) of human milk should be sufficient to inactivate nonheat resistant viruses, including coronaviruses, if present.

中文翻译：

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热巴氏消毒对人乳和其他基质中病毒载量和可检测到的活病毒的影响：快速回顾。

应用生理学，营养学和新陈代谢，预印本。
持有人牛奶的巴氏杀菌（62.5°C，30分钟）被认为可以减少将病毒传播给婴儿的风险。有些病毒可能会分泌到牛奶中，而另一些则可能是污染物。热巴氏灭菌对人乳中病毒的影响尚待严格审查。这项研究的目的是表征常见的巴氏灭菌技术对人乳和非人乳基质中病毒的影响。搜索数据库（MEDLINE，Embase，Web of Science）从成立到2020年4月20日，以评估巴氏灭菌对病毒载量或活病毒检测的影响的主要研究文章。由于缺乏定量测量的研究或将巴氏灭菌法评估为较大过程的一部分的研究，因此不包括评论。总体而言，在确定的65131份报告中，包括109项研究。最低温度为56-60°C的人乳巴氏杀菌可有效减少可检测的活病毒。在细胞培养基或血浆中，冠状病毒（例如SARS-CoV，SARS-CoV-2，MERS-CoV）对≥56°C的加热高度敏感。尽管报道的巴氏灭菌法参数和基质有所不同，但研究的所有病毒（细小病毒除外）都易于热杀死。对于新型病毒的研究而言，未来的重要研究应标准化巴氏灭菌协议，并应测试人乳中的灭活作用。新颖性在包括母乳在内的所有基质中，在62.5°C下巴氏灭菌通常足以将存活的病毒载量降低几对数或降至检测限以下。持有人牛奶的巴氏杀菌（62.5°C，30分钟）应足以灭活包括冠状病毒在内的非耐热性病毒，