Prospective memory (PM) refers to the cognitive processes associated with remembering to perform an intended action after a delay. Varying the salience of PM cues while keeping the intended response constant, we investigated the extent to which participants relied on strategic monitoring, through sustained, top–down control, or on spontaneous retrieval via transient bottom–up processes. There is mixed evidence regarding developmental improvements in event-based PM performance after the age of 13 years. We compared PM performance and associated sustained and transient neural correlates in 28 typically developing adolescents (12–17 years old) and 19 adults (23–30 years old). Lower PM cue salience associated with slower ongoing task (OT) RTs, reflected by increased μ ex-Gaussian parameter, and sustained increases in frontoparietal activation during OT blocks, both thought to reflect greater proactive control supporting cue monitoring. Behavioral and neural correlates of PM trials were not specifically modulated by cue salience, revealing little difference in reactive control between conditions. The effect of cue salience was similar across age groups, suggesting that adolescents are able to adapt proactive control engagement to PM task demands. Exploratory analyses showed that younger, but not older, adolescents were less accurate and slower in PM trials relative to OT trials than adults and showed greater transient activation in PM trials in an occipito-temporal cluster. These results provide evidence of both mature and still maturing aspects of cognitive processes associated with implementation of an intention after a delay during early adolescence.

预期记忆 (PM) 是指与记住在延迟后执行预期动作相关的认知过程。在保持预期响应不变的同时改变 PM 线索的显着性，我们调查了参与者依赖战略监控的程度，通过持续的、自上而下的控制，或通过瞬态自下而上的过程自发检索。关于 13 岁之后基于事件的 PM 表现的发展改善的证据不一。我们比较了 28 名典型发育的青少年（12-17 岁）和 19 名成年人（23-30 岁）的 PM 表现和相关的持续和短暂的神经相关性。较低的 PM 提示显着性与较慢的正在进行的任务 (OT) RTs 相关，反映为增加的 μ ex-Gaussian 参数，OT 阻滞期间额顶活动的持续增加，两者都被认为反映了支持提示监测的更积极的控制。PM 试验的行为和神经相关性不受提示显着性的特别调节，表明条件之间的反应控制差异很小。提示显着性的影响在不同年龄组中是相似的，这表明青少年能够根据 PM 任务需求调整主动控制参与。探索性分析表明，相对于 OT 试验，年轻而非年长的青少年在 PM 试验中的准确度和速度低于成人，并且在枕颞群的 PM 试验中显示出更大的瞬时激活。