How do markets come about? This article offers a first systematic analysis of three different ideal types of market fashioning: mutual adjustment, organization, and fields. Although aspects of these are identifiable in most empirical markets, these three ideal types provide analytic tools for students of real markets and marketplaces. After going through this comprehensive literature, it is argued that mutual adjustment, which refers to non-planned processes, is affinity with markets in which products are differentiated, for example, producer markets. Organization refers to process driven by attempts to decide for others and shows affinity with markets for standardized and homogenous products, for example, stock exchanges. Organization also accounts for the making of marketplaces. The broader notion of fields does not refer to any specific process, but accounts for the context of market fashioning and its respective power struggles.

中文翻译：

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市场时尚

市场是如何产生的？本文首次系统地分析了三种不同的市场塑造理想类型：相互调整、组织和领域。尽管在大多数实证市场中可以识别这些方面，但这三种理想类型为真实市场和市场的学生提供了分析工具。在阅读了这些综合文献后，有人认为相互调整（指非计划过程）与产品差异化的市场（例如生产者市场）密切相关。组织是指由试图为他人决定并表现出与标准化和同质产品市场（例如证券交易所）的密切关系所驱动的过程。组织也解释了市场的形成。更广泛的领域概念并不指任何特定的过程，