Bone metastases can cause high morbidity and mortality, often developing as they advance, especially in patients with prostate and breast cancers. Most drugs are rarely distributed to the bone and are hence pharmacologically ineffective in treating bone metastases. The development of drug targeting technologies is required for the efficient treatment of bone metastases. To date, numerous bone-targeting ligands, including tetracyclines, bisphosphonates, aspartic acid, and aptamers have been developed and used for bone-targeted delivery of anti-tumor drugs, peptide/protein drugs, nucleic acid drugs, and diagnostic imaging agents. The conjugates of drugs with bone-targeting ligands were first developed in the field of bone drug targeting systems; macromolecular carriers and nanoparticles modified with these bone-targeting ligands have also been developed. Additionally, antibodies to prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) are used in active targeting bone metastatic prostate cancer and breast cancer, respectively. Some conjugates using antibodies to PSMA and HER2 were developed and used in clinical trials. In this review, recent challenges in the development of bone-targeted delivery systems and strategies for the treatment of bone metastasis have been summarized. Future development of novel drug formulations in order to optimize targeted drug delivery in the treatment of bone metastasis have also been discussed.

中文翻译：

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骨靶向药物输送系统和骨转移治疗策略。

骨转移可引起高发病率和高死亡率，并且随着病情的发展而发展，特别是在患有前列腺癌和乳腺癌的患者中。大多数药物很少分配到骨骼，因此在药理上无效于治疗骨转移。有效治疗骨转移需要药物靶向技术的发展。迄今为止，已经开发了许多靶向骨的配体，包括四环素，双膦酸酯，天冬氨酸和适体，并将其用于抗肿瘤药物，肽/蛋白质药物，核酸药物和诊断成像剂的骨靶向递送。药物与骨靶向配体的结合物首先是在骨药物靶向系统领域开发的。还开发了用这些靶向骨的配体修饰的大分子载体和纳米颗粒。另外，针对前列腺特异性膜抗原（PSMA）和人表皮生长因子受体2（HER2）的抗体分别用于主动靶向骨转移性前列腺癌和乳腺癌。已开发出一些使用针对PSMA和HER2的抗体的结合物，并将其用于临床试验。在这篇综述中，总结了骨靶向递送系统和骨转移治疗策略发展中的最新挑战。还讨论了新型药物制剂的未来开发，以优化骨转移治疗中的靶向药物递送。前列腺特异性膜抗原（PSMA）和人表皮生长因子受体2（HER2）抗体分别用于主动靶向骨转移性前列腺癌和乳腺癌。已开发出一些使用针对PSMA和HER2的抗体的结合物，并将其用于临床试验。在这篇综述中，总结了骨靶向递送系统和骨转移治疗策略发展中的最新挑战。还讨论了新型药物制剂的未来开发，以优化骨转移治疗中的靶向药物递送。前列腺特异性膜抗原（PSMA）和人表皮生长因子受体2（HER2）抗体分别用于主动靶向骨转移性前列腺癌和乳腺癌。已开发出一些使用针对PSMA和HER2的抗体的结合物，并将其用于临床试验。在这篇综述中，总结了骨靶向递送系统和骨转移治疗策略发展中的最新挑战。还讨论了新型药物制剂的未来开发，以优化骨转移治疗中的靶向药物递送。总结了骨靶向递送系统和骨转移治疗策略发展中的最新挑战。还讨论了新型药物制剂的未来开发，以优化骨转移治疗中的靶向药物递送。总结了骨靶向递送系统和骨转移治疗策略的最新挑战。为了优化靶向药物在骨转移治疗中的递送，还讨论了新型药物制剂的未来发展。