We investigated the effects of parental warmth and behavioral control on externalizing and internalizing symptom trajectories from ages 8 to 14 in 1,298 adolescents from 12 cultural groups. We did not find that single universal trajectories characterized adolescent externalizing and internalizing symptoms across cultures, but instead found significant heterogeneity in starting points and rates of change in both externalizing and internalizing symptoms across cultures. Some similarities did emerge. Across many cultural groups, internalizing symptoms decreased from ages 8 to 10, and externalizing symptoms increased from ages 10 to 14. Parental warmth appears to function similarly in many cultures as a protective factor that prevents the onset and growth of adolescent externalizing and internalizing symptoms, whereas the effects of behavioral control vary from culture to culture.

中文翻译：

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父母的温暖和行为控制对青少年跨文化外化和内化轨迹的影响。

我们调查了父母的温暖和行为控制对来自 12 个文化群体的 1,298 名青少年 8 至 14 岁的外化和内化症状轨迹的影响。我们没有发现单一的普遍轨迹表征了跨文化的青少年外化和内化症状，而是发现跨文化的外化和内化症状的起点和变化率存在显着的异质性。确实出现了一些相似之处。在许多文化群体中，内化症状从 8 岁到 10 岁减少，外化症状从 10 岁到 14 岁增加。在许多文化中，父母的温暖似乎起到了类似的保护作用，可以防止青少年外化和内化症状的发生和发展，