Cyanobacteria are ancient photosynthetic microorganisms that shaped today's atmosphere. Anthropocentric and irresponsible activities are changing the atmosphere which favor the frequent occurrence and mass development of cyanobacteria. Extensive cyanobacterial blooming causes numerous problems, including negative effects on human skin. Climate change, depletion of ozone layer, and the increased ultraviolet radiation also affect the skin and lead to more frequent occurrence of skin cancer. This research, for the first time, attempts to establish a connection between these two factors, or whether, in addition to ultraviolet radiation, cyanobacteria can influence the incidence of melanoma. With this objective in mind, an epidemiological investigation was conducted in Vojvodina, Serbia. It was observed that the incidence of melanoma was higher in municipalities where water bodies used for recreation, irrigation and fishing are blooming; however, results could be considered as inconclusive, because of the restrictions in the cancer database. Nevertheless, results gathered from the reviewed literature support the hypothesis that cyanobacteria could be a new potential risk factor for melanoma, while climate change could be a catalyst that converts these potential risk factors into cofactors, which act synergistically with the main risk factor – ultraviolet radiation – and induce an increase of melanoma incidence.

蓝细菌是塑造当今大气的古老光合作用微生物。以人类为中心和不负责任的活动正在改变大气，这有利于蓝细菌的频繁发生和大量发展。蓝藻大量泛滥会引起许多问题，包括对人体皮肤的负面影响。气候变化，臭氧层耗竭以及紫外线辐射的增加也影响皮肤，并导致皮肤癌的发生更加频繁。这项研究首次尝试在这两个因素之间建立联系，或者除了紫外线辐射之外，蓝细菌是否会影响黑色素瘤的发病率。考虑到这一目标，在塞尔维亚伏伊伏丁那进行了流行病学调查。据观察，在用于娱乐，灌溉和捕鱼的水体盛放的城市中，黑色素瘤的发病率更高。但是，由于癌症数据库的限制，结果可能没有定论。但是，从综述文献中收集的结果支持以下假设：蓝细菌可能是黑色素瘤的新潜在危险因素，而气候变化可能是将这些潜在危险因素转化为辅因子的催化剂，这些辅因子与主要危险因素（紫外线辐射）具有协同作用–并导致黑色素瘤发生率增加。