Paneth cells (PCs) are located at the bottom of small intestinal crypts and play an important role in maintaining the stability of the intestinal tract. Previous studies reported on how PCs shape the intestinal microbiota or the response to the immune system. Recent studies have determined that PCs play an important role in the regulation of the homeostasis of intestinal epithelial cells. PCs can regulate the function and homeostasis of intestinal stem cells through several mechanisms. On the one hand, under pathological conditions, PCs can be dedifferentiated into stem cells to promote the repair of intestinal tissues. On the other hand, PCs can regulate stem cell proliferation by secreting a variety of hormones (such as wnt3a) or metabolic intermediates. In addition, we summarise key signalling pathways that affect PC differentiation and mutual effect with intestinal stem cells. In this review, we introduce the diverse functions of PCs in the intestine.

中文翻译：

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Paneth细胞的可塑性及其调节肠道干细胞的能力。

Paneth细胞（PC）位于小肠隐窝的底部，在维持肠道稳定性中起重要作用。先前的研究报道了PC如何塑造肠道菌群或对免疫系统的反应。最近的研究已经确定，PC在肠上皮细胞稳态调节中起着重要作用。PC可以通过多种机制调节肠道干细胞的功能和体内稳态。一方面，在病理条件下，PC可以去分化为干细胞，从而促进肠道组织的修复。另一方面，PC可以通过分泌多种激素（例如wnt3a）或代谢中间体来调节干细胞的增殖。此外，我们总结了影响PC分化和与肠道干细胞的相互作用的关键信号通路。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了肠道中PC的各种功能。