Collagen triple helix repeat containing-1 (CTHRC1) has been identified as cancer-related protein. CTHRC1 expresses mainly in adventitial fibroblasts and neointimal smooth muscle cells of balloon-injured vessels and promotes cell migration and tissue repair in response to injury. CTHRC1 plays a pivotal role in some pathophysiological processes, including increasing bone mass, preventing myelination, and reversing collagen synthesis in many tumor cells. The ascended expression of CTHRC1 is related to tumorigenesis, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis in various human malignancies, including gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, keloid, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, epithelial ovarian cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, cervical cancer, non-small-cell lung carcinoma, and melanoma. And molecules that regulate the expression of CTHRC1 include miRNAs, lncRNAs, WAIF1, and DPAGT1. Many reports have pointed that CTHRC1 could exert different effects through several signaling pathways such as TGF-β, Wnt, integrin β/FAK, Src/FAK, MEK/ERK, PI3K/AKT/ERK, HIF-1α, and PKC-δ/ERK signaling pathways. As a participant in tissue remodeling or immune response, CTHRC1 may promote early-stage cancer. Several recent studies have identified CTHRC1 as an effectual prognostic biomarker for predicting tumor recurrence or metastasis. It is worth noting that CTHRC1 has different cellular localization and mechanisms of action in different cells and different microenvironments. In this article, we focus on the advances in the signaling pathways mediated by CTHRC1 in tumors.

中文翻译：

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CTHRC1 在调节多重信号和肿瘤进展和转移中的作用。

胶原三螺旋重复序列含有 1 (CTHRC1) 已被鉴定为癌症相关蛋白。CTHRC1 主要在球囊损伤血管的外膜成纤维细胞和新生内膜平滑肌细胞中表达，并促进细胞迁移和组织修复以应对损伤。CTHRC1 在一些病理生理过程中起着关键作用，包括增加骨量、防止髓鞘形成和逆转许多肿瘤细胞中的胶原蛋白合成。CTHRC1的上升表达与多种人类恶性肿瘤的发生、增殖、侵袭和转移有关，包括胃癌、胰腺癌、肝细胞癌、瘢痕疙瘩、乳腺癌、结直肠癌、上皮性卵巢癌、食管鳞状细胞癌、宫颈癌、非小细胞肺癌和黑色素瘤。调节 CTHRC1 表达的分子包括 miRNA、lncRNA、WAIF1 和 DPAGT1。许多报道指出 CTHRC1 可以通过多种信号通路发挥不同的作用，如 TGF-β、Wnt、整合素β /FAK、Src/FAK、MEK/ERK、PI3K/AKT/ERK、HIF-1 α和 PKC- δ /ERK 信号通路。作为组织重塑或免疫反应的参与者，CTHRC1 可能促进早期癌症。最近的几项研究已将 CTHRC1 确定为预测肿瘤复发或转移的有效预后生物标志物。值得注意的是，CTHRC1在不同细胞和不同微环境中具有不同的细胞定位和作用机制。在本文中，我们重点介绍了由 CTHRC1 介导的肿瘤信号通路的进展。