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Harm-Benefit Analyses Can Be Harmful
ILAR Journal ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-12 , DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilaa016
Steven M Niemi 1
Affiliation  

Harm-benefit analyses (HBAs) are becoming de rigueur with some governmental regulatory agencies and popular with local institutional animal care and use committees (or their equivalents), the latter due, in part, to the adoption of HBAs as an international accreditation standard. Such analyses are employed as an attempt to balance potential or actual pain or distress imposed on laboratory animals against scientists’ justifications for those impositions. The outcomes of those analyses are then supposed to be included in an official assessment of whether a given animal protocol should be approved as proposed. While commendable in theory as a means to avoid or minimize animal suffering, HBAs come with a flawed premise. Establishing an accurate prediction of benefit, especially for so-called “basic” research (vs “applied” research, such as in vivo testing for product development or batch release), is often impossible given the uncertain nature of experimental outcomes and the eventual value of those results. That impossibility, in turn, risks disapproving a legitimate research proposal that might have yielded important new knowledge if it had been allowed to proceed. Separately, the anticipated harm to which the animal would be subjected should similarly be scrutinized with an aim to refine that harm regardless of purported benefits if the protocol is approved. The intentions of this essay are to reflect on the potential harm and benefit of the HBA itself, highlight how HBAs may be helpful in advancing refinements, and propose alternative approaches to both parts of the equation in the assessment process.

中文翻译:

危害-效益分析可能是有害的

危害-效益分析 (HBA) 正在成为必需品受到一些政府监管机构的欢迎,并受到当地机构动物护理和使用委员会(或其同等机构)的欢迎,后者部分归因于采用 HBA 作为国际认证标准。这种分析被用来尝试平衡施加在实验动物身上的潜在或实际痛苦或痛苦与科学家对这些强加的理由。然后,这些分析的结果应该包含在官方评估中,即是否应按提议批准给定的动物方案。虽然理论上可以作为避免或减少动物痛苦的一种手段,但 HBA 的前提是有缺陷的。建立对效益的准确预测,特别是对于所谓的“基础”研究(相对于“应用”研究,例如产品开发或批量发布的体内测试),鉴于实验结果的不确定性和这些结果的最终价值,通常是不可能的。反过来,这种不可能性有可能不批准一项合法的研究提案,如果允许该提案继续进行,该提案可能会产生重要的新知识。另外,如果协议获得批准,动物将遭受的预期伤害也应进行类似的审查,目的是改善这种伤害,而不考虑所谓的好处。本文的目的是反思 HBA 本身的潜在危害和益处,强调 HBA 如何有助于推进改进,并提出评估过程中等式的两个部分的替代方法。如果允许继续进行,可能会产生重要的新知识的合法研究提案可能会被否决。另外,如果协议获得批准,动物将遭受的预期伤害也应进行类似的审查,目的是改善这种伤害,而不考虑所谓的好处。本文的目的是反思 HBA 本身的潜在危害和益处,强调 HBA 如何有助于推进改进,并提出评估过程中等式的两个部分的替代方法。如果允许继续进行,可能会产生重要的新知识的合法研究提案可能会被否决。另外,如果协议获得批准,动物将遭受的预期伤害也应进行类似的审查,目的是改善这种伤害,而不考虑所谓的好处。本文的目的是反思 HBA 本身的潜在危害和益处,强调 HBA 如何有助于推进改进,并提出评估过程中等式的两个部分的替代方法。如果方案获得批准,动物将遭受的预期伤害也应进行类似的审查,以细化这种伤害,而不管其声称的益处如何。本文的目的是反思 HBA 本身的潜在危害和益处,强调 HBA 如何有助于推进改进,并提出评估过程中等式的两个部分的替代方法。
更新日期:2020-08-12
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