Abstract

While fisheries provide food and employment for hundreds of millions of people, they also can have significant impact on biodiversity. We explore the potential of area-based fisheries management to simultaneously maintain biodiversity and high levels of sustainable food production. We used two illustrative examples of fisheries that have different gear types, areas, and species to evaluate the trade-off between biodiversity and harvest. We calculate the optimal effort by gear and area that maximizes a weighted objective function of biodiversity and harvest, ranging from 100% of the weight on harvest to 100% on biodiversity. We found for both case studies that the trade-off was highly convex, with win–win solutions allowing for high levels of both fishery harvest and conservation. This is achieved by reducing or eliminating fishing effort that negatively impacts high conservation value species while maintaining fishing effort with gears and in areas where there is low conservation impact. We suggest that, in most fisheries, such situations can be found and that effective area-based management can provide for high levels of biodiversity protection and food production.

中文翻译：

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生物多样性和可持续鱼类捕捞与区域管理之间的权衡

摘要

渔业在为数亿人提供食物和就业的同时，也会对生物多样性产生重大影响。我们探索以区域为基础的渔业管理在同时保持生物多样性和高水平可持续粮食生产方面的潜力。我们使用了两个具有不同渔具类型、区域和物种的渔业示例来评估生物多样性和收获之间的权衡。我们计算了使生物多样性和收获的加权目标函数最大化的渔具和面积的最佳努力，范围从收获时的 100% 到生物多样性的 100%。我们发现这两个案例研究的权衡是高度凸的，双赢的解决方案可以实现高水平的渔业收获和保护。这是通过减少或消除对高保护价值物种产生负面影响的捕捞努力来实现的，同时保持使用渔具和在保护影响低的地区的捕捞努力。我们建议，在大多数渔业中，可以发现这种情况，有效的区域管理可以提供高水平的生物多样性保护和粮食生产。