OCBIL theory provides a basis for understanding of the evolution and ecology of biota on old, climatically buffered, infertile landscapes (OCBILs) worldwide. Here, we test a genetic hypothesis presented in OCBIL theory that predicts highly differentiated intraspecific population systems on OCBILs vs. more limited differentiation on young, often disturbed, fertile landscapes (YODFELs). We examined patterns of genomic and morphological divergence in Banksia seminuda across OCBILs and YODFELs in south-western Australia. We also used these data to determine whether these OCBIL and YODFEL populations represent distinct subspecific lineages, a point of previous contention among taxonomists. As hypothesized, genomic analyses based on 3466 SNP loci revealed strong structuring within B. seminuda, with high differentiation across narrow geographic scales among OCBIL populations vs. lower differentiation across much larger geographic scales among YODFEL populations. In addition, genomic and morphological divergence was found between OCBIL and YODFEL populations, providing comprehensive quantitative evidence for two subspecies. These findings have taxonomic implications for the species and provide support for OCBIL theory and its insights into the evolution, ecology and conservation of biota on ancient landscapes.

中文翻译：

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大白菜(Proteaceae)年轻和年老景观中种群差异的对比模式，以及亚种识别的证据

OCBIL 理论为了解全球古老的、气候缓冲的、贫瘠的景观 (OCBIL) 上生物群的进化和生态学提供了基础。在这里，我们测试了 OCBIL 理论中提出的遗传假设，该假设预测 OCBIL 上高度分化的种内种群系统与年轻、经常受到干扰的肥沃景观 (YODFEL) 上更有限的分化。我们检查了澳大利亚西南部 OCBILs 和 YODFELs 中半裸半叶山萸的基因组和形态差异模式。我们还使用这些数据来确定这些 OCBIL 和 YODFEL 种群是否代表不同的亚种谱系，这是分类学家之前争论的一个点。正如假设的那样，基于 3466 个 SNP 位点的基因组分析揭示了半裸双歧杆菌中的强结构，OCBIL 种群在狭窄地理尺度上的高度分化与 YODFEL 种群在更大地理尺度上的较低分化。此外，在 OCBIL 和 YODFEL 种群之间发现了基因组和形态学差异，为两个亚种提供了全面的定量证据。这些发现对该物种具有分类学意义，并为 OCBIL 理论及其对古代景观生物群的进化、生态和保护的见解提供支持。