ABSTRACT In this paper we focus on the estimation of crowding in public transport – specifically urban rail systems – and its effect on perceived comfort. It is different from similar studies in the method it employs for estimating crowding levels in vehicles. Specifically, we formulate a function of time and location, which uses only passenger embarking data to estimate the number of passengers in vehicles. Then we convert the estimated crowding values into perceived discomfort levels by trip section. Our method depends on hourly seasonality assumptions but provides good estimates of crowding in urban rail systems even when passenger alighting data is not available. We illustrate the implementation of our model with the example of the Istanbul Metro system.

中文翻译：

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测量公共交通拥挤相关的舒适度

摘要 在本文中，我们重点评估公共交通（尤其是城市轨道系统）中的拥挤程度及其对感知舒适度的影响。它与类似研究的不同之处在于它用于估计车辆拥挤程度的方法。具体来说，我们制定了一个时间和位置的函数，它仅使用乘客上车数据来估计车辆中的乘客数量。然后我们将估计的拥挤值转换为出行部分的感知不适水平。我们的方法取决于每小时的季节性假设，但即使在乘客下车数据不可用的情况下，也能很好地估计城市轨道系统中的拥挤情况。我们以伊斯坦布尔地铁系统为例来说明我们模型的实现。