Abstract Context Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss.ex Fr.) Karst (Ganodermataceae) is a fungus that has been used in traditional Chinese medicine. Objective This is the first investigation of the lipid-lowering and anti-atherosclerotic effects of Ganoderma lucidum spore ethanol extract (EEG) in hyperlipidemic rabbits. Materials and methods Fifty-four Japanese rabbits were randomly divided into six groups (n = 9): control, model, atorvastatin and three EEG groups (6, 24 and 96 mg/kg/day, p.o.). Control group was administered a normal diet and other groups were administered a high-fat diet to induce hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerosis for 14 weeks. During this time, lipid profiles were recorded; lipid testing and histopathological examination of aorta and liver were conducted. LXRα and its downstream genes expression in the liver and small intestine were examined. The effect of EEG on macrophage cholesterol efflux and ABCA1/G1 expression was observed under silenced LXRα expression. Results EEG reduced serum cholesterol (20.33 ± 3.62 mmol/L vs 34.56 ± 8.27 mmol/L for the model group) and LDL-C, reduced the area of arterial plaques (24.8 ± 10% vs 53.9 ± 15.2% for the model group) and Intima/Medium thickness ratio, increased faecal bile acid content, upregulated LXRα, CYP7A1, ABCA1/G1, ABCG5/G8 expression in the liver, small intestine and macrophages. After silencing LXRα in macrophages, the ability of EEG to promote cholesterol efflux was inhibited. Discussion and conclusion EEG exert lipid-lowering and anti-atherosclerotic effects via upregulating expression of LXRα and downstream genes associated with reverse cholesterol transport and metabolism. However, whether PPARα/γ are involved in the up-regulation of LXR expression by EEG remains to be elucidated.

中文翻译：

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灵芝孢子乙醇提取物通过上调肝脏 X 受体 α 调节脂质代谢来减轻动脉粥样硬化

Abstract Context Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss.ex Fr.) Karst (Ganodermataceae) 是一种已用于中药的真菌。目的首次研究灵芝孢子乙醇提取物（EEG）对高脂血症兔的降脂和抗动脉粥样硬化作用。材料和方法 54 只日本兔随机分为六组（n = 9）：对照组、模型组、阿托伐他汀组和三个脑电图组（6、24 和 96 毫克/公斤/天，口服）。对照组给予正常饮食，其他组给予高脂饮食诱导高脂血症和动脉粥样硬化14周。在此期间，记录了脂质谱；进行了主动脉和肝脏的脂质检测和组织病理学检查。检查了肝脏和小肠中 LXRα 及其下游基因的表达。在沉默的LXRα表达下观察到EEG对巨噬细胞胆固醇流出和ABCA1/G1表达的影响。结果脑电图降低血清胆固醇（模型组为20.33±3.62 mmol/L vs 34.56±8.27 mmol/L）和LDL-C，减少动脉斑块面积（模型组为24.8±10% vs 53.9±15.2%）和内膜/中层厚度比，粪便胆汁酸含量增加，上调肝脏、小肠和巨噬细胞中 LXRα、CYP7A1、ABCA1/G1、ABCG5/G8 的表达。在巨噬细胞中沉默 LXRα 后，脑电图促进胆固醇流出的能力受到抑制。讨论与结论 EEG 通过上调 LXRα 和下游与胆固醇反向转运和代谢相关基因的表达，发挥降脂和抗动脉粥样硬化作用。然而，PPARα/γ 是否参与 EEG 对 LXR 表达的上调仍有待阐明。