Abstract

More and more exosome-based therapeutics are being developed with advances in nanotechnology and precision medicine. Exosome is a kind of tiny vesicles with a bilayer of phospholipids, which can transfer biological macromolecules to recipients to influence the biological process. M2 macrophages are closely related to the occurrence and development of serious diseases such as tumor. In addition to the traditional concept of macrophage functions such as opsonization, secretion of cytokines and other soluble factors, some studies have found that the exosome derived from M2 macrophages can influence the development of disease by carrying microRNA, long noncodingRNA and functional proteins to regulate target gene expression as well as related proteins synthesis recently. Here, we outlined the biogenesis of the exosome and its biological functions in disease. Then we focused on elucidating the effects of the exosome derived from M2 macrophages on several diseases and its mechanisms. Finally, we discussed the appropriateness and inappropriateness in existing potential applications based on exosomes and macrophages.

摘要

随着纳米技术和精准医学的进步，越来越多的基于外泌体的疗法被开发出来。外泌体是一种具有双层磷脂的微小囊泡，可以将生物大分子传递给受体，从而影响生物过程。M2型巨噬细胞与肿瘤等严重疾病的发生发展密切相关。除了传统的巨噬细胞功能概念如调理作用、分泌细胞因子和其他可溶性因子外，一些研究发现M2型巨噬细胞来源的外泌体可以通过携带microRNA、长链非编码RNA和功能蛋白来调控靶点，从而影响疾病的发展。最近的基因表达以及相关蛋白质的合成。这里，我们概述了外泌体的生物发生及其在疾病中的生物学功能。然后我们专注于阐明源自 M2 巨噬细胞的外泌体对几种疾病及其机制的影响。最后，我们讨论了基于外泌体和巨噬细胞的现有潜在应用的适当性和不适当性。