Abstract

The clinical use of drugs used in the treatment of diseases is limited due to the toxic side effects, and many studies have been conducted to benefit from herbal adjuvant therapies recently to eliminate these effects. In this study, the protective effect of zingerone against liver and kidney damage generated in rats through methotrexate (MTX). Histopathological investigations were performed to determine tissue damage caused by MTX and the healing effect of zingone and liver function markers such as serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and renal function markers such as urea, creatine, and aquaporin-1 (AQP-1) were measured. The effects of MTX and protective properties of zingerone on oxidative stress were investigated through the measurement of malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme activities. The anti-inflammatory effect of zingerone was determined by measuring the cytokine levels causing inflammation such as nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and its effects on apoptosis were determined by immunohistochemical analysis of caspase-3 and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) expression levels. According to the results obtained within the scope of the study, it was determined that zingerone treatment prevented the increase in MTX-induced liver and kidney function markers, showed healing effects on antioxidant parameters degraded in both tissues, and decreased the inflammation parameters. It was determined that it also prevented apoptosis and possessed a protective effect on disrupted tissue architecture by decreasing the increased caspase-3 expression and increasing the decreased Bcl-2 level.

摘要

由于毒副作用，用于治疗疾病的药物的临床使用受到限制，并且最近进行了许多研究以从草药辅助疗法中受益以消除这些影响。在本研究中，姜油酮通过甲氨蝶呤 (MTX) 对大鼠产生的肝肾损伤具有保护作用。进行组织病理学研究以确定由 MTX 引起的组织损伤以及 zingone 和肝功能标志物如血清丙氨酸转氨酶 (ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶 (AST)、碱性磷酸酶 (ALP) 和肾功能标志物如尿素的愈合效果，测量了肌酸和水通道蛋白-1 (AQP-1)。通过测量丙二醛和还原型谷胱甘肽 (GSH) 水平、过氧化氢酶 (CAT) 和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GPx) 酶活性，研究了 MTX 和姜油酮对氧化应激的保护特性的影响。姜油酮的抗炎作用是通过测量引起炎症的细胞因子水平来确定的，例如核因子-κB（NF-κB）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β），通过对 caspase-3 和 B 细胞淋巴瘤 2 (Bcl-2) 表达水平的免疫组织化学分析确定其对细胞凋亡的影响。根据研究范围内获得的结果，确定姜油酮治疗可防止 MTX 诱导的肝肾功能标志物的增加，对两种组织中降解的抗氧化参数显示出愈合作用，并降低炎症参数。确定它还通过降低增加的 caspase-3 表达和增加降低的 Bcl-2 水平来防止细胞凋亡并对破坏的组织结构具有保护作用。