Few studies have quantified the extent of genetic differentiation within widely distributed polytypic African bird species with disjunct ranges. Current knowledge indicates that high levels of genetic differentiation are found for such lineages but generalization of the pattern requires further comparisons with other co‐distributed taxa. We assessed the extent of phylogeographical structure across the range of the Olive Woodpecker Dendropicos griseocephalus using mitochondrial and nuclear intron data. The Olive Woodpecker occupies the forests of Central (Dendropicos griseocephalus ruwenzori) and Eastern (Dendropicos g. kilimensis) Africa, with a disjunct morphological lineage (Dendropicos g. griseocephalus) occurring in southern Africa. Each of the subspecies lineages can be diagnosed using morphology. Phylogenetic analyses of our sequence data recovered three monophyletic lineages with kilimensis sister to ruwenzori, and griseocephalus as sister to the clade uniting these two taxa. Molecular species delimitation methods and estimates of gene flow under the isolation‐with‐migration model suggest that the clade uniting the central and eastern subspecies may be recognized as distinct at the species level from the nominate subspecies, which is restricted to southern Africa. We conclude that D. griseocephalus (Boddaert, 1783) and D. ruwenzori (Sharpe, 1902) (including subspecies kilimensis) should be considered full species. The biogeographical pattern we uncover for the Olive Woodpecker differs from that of other co‐distributed widespread species both in terms of the order of sequence divergence of lineages occupying different areas of endemism in Africa, and in the timing of divergence, being younger (0.5–0.7 mya BP) than that recovered for the co‐distributed Square‐tailed Drongo Dicrurus ludwigii (0.9–1.6 mya BP).

中文翻译：

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橄榄啄木鸟Dendropicos griseocephalus的植物志史，该物种在非洲分布广泛

很少有研究量化范围广泛的多型非洲鸟类物种内遗传分化的程度。当前的知识表明，针对这些谱系发现了高水平的遗传分化，但是模式的泛化需要与其他共同分布的分类单元进行进一步的比较。我们使用线粒体和核内含子数据评估了橄榄啄木鸟齿状鳞翅目的范围内的植物地理结构的程度。橄榄啄木鸟占据中央的森林（Dendropicos griseocephalus鲁文佐里）和东欧（Dendropicos克kilimensis）非洲，有间断形态谱系（Dendropicos克griseocephalus）发生在南部非洲。可以使用形态学来诊断每个亚种谱系。对我们的序列数据进行系统进化分析，发现了三个单系谱系，其中基利姆斯姐妹为ruwenzori，而灰头粉虱为姐妹的进化枝，结合了这两个类群。带有迁移隔离模型的分子物种定界方法和基因流的估计表明，结合中央和东部亚种的进化枝可能在物种水平上与提名亚种不同，后者仅限于南部非洲。我们得出的结论是D. griseocephalus（Boddaert，1783）和D. ruwenzori（Sharpe，1902）（包括kilimensis亚种））应视为完整物种。我们发现的橄榄啄木鸟的生物地理模式与其他共同分布的广泛物种的不同之处在于，它们在非洲不同地方性流行地区的谱系顺序发散的顺序不同，并且在发散的时间也更年轻（0.5– 0.7 mya BP）比共同分布的方尾Drongo Dicrurus ludwigii（0.9–1.6 mya BP）的回收率高。