In shrimp, which rely largely on their innate immune system for defense against invading pathogens, the Toll‐pathway has been extensively studied, as it plays a crucial role in innate immune responses. Different innate immune genes in the Toll‐pathway of shrimp, Penaeus monodon viz., Toll‐Like receptor (PmToll), Myeloid differentiation factor‐88 (PmMyD88), and Tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor‐6 (PmTRAF6) have been characterized and their role in immune response against white spot syndrome virus has been elucidated by real‐time PCR‐based expression analysis. In the current study, the role of these genes in the immune response against bacteria was investigated by determining the mRNA expressions of PmToll, PmMyD88, and PmTRAF6 in different tissues of P. monodon, upon experimental infection with Vibrio harveyi, using real‐time PCR. Seven tissues were selected, including hemocytes, lymphoid organ, gill, hepatopancreas, stomach, midgut, and hindgut. Significant upregulation of these genes was observed in hemocytes, lymphoid organ, and gut tissues at different time‐points after infection. Moreover, modulation of expression of the genes at different time‐points could be observed in primary cultured hemocytes in vitro upon exposure with pathogen‐mimicking ligands (lipopolysacchrides and peptidoglycans). These experimental results indicate that the Toll‐pathway plays an important role in the immune response against bacterial challenge.

中文翻译：

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黑老虎虾（对虾）收费途径中涉及的某些先天免疫基因对哈维弧菌感染和体外暴露于配体的反应

在主要依靠先天免疫系统防御入侵病原体的虾中，Toll途径已被广泛研究，因为它在先天免疫反应中起着至关重要的作用。虾，斑节对虾，Toll样受体（Pm Toll），髓样分化因子88（Pm MyD88）和肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子6（Pm TRAF6）的Toll通路中有不同的先天免疫基因基于实时PCR的表达分析已阐明了它们的特征，并阐明了它们在针对白斑综合症病毒的免疫应答中的作用。在当前的研究中，通过确定Pm的mRNA表达来研究这些基因在针对细菌的免疫反应中的作用。使用实时荧光定量PCR对哈氏弧菌进行实验性感染后，斑节对虾不同组织中的Toll，Pm MyD88和Pm TRAF6 。选择了七个组织，包括血细胞，淋巴器官，g，肝胰脏，胃，中肠和后肠。在感染后的不同时间点，在血细胞，淋巴器官和肠道组织中观察到这些基因的显着上调。此外，在暴露于病原体模拟配体（脂多糖和肽聚糖）的体外原代培养的血细胞中，可以观察到在不同时间点基因表达的调节。这些实验结果表明，Toll通路在抵抗细菌攻击的免疫反应中起着重要作用。