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Decline of Eulia ministrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in polluted habitats is not accompanied by phenotypic stress responses
Insect Science ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-11 , DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12862 Vitali Zverev 1 , Mikhail V Kozlov 1
Insect Science ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-11 , DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12862 Vitali Zverev 1 , Mikhail V Kozlov 1
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Environmental pollution is currently identified as one of the major drivers of rapid decline of insect populations, and this finding has revitalized interest in insect responses to pollution. We tested the hypothesis that the pollution-induced decline of insect populations can be predicted from phenotypic stress responses expressed as morphological differences between populations inhabiting polluted and unpolluted sites. We explored populations of the brassy tortrix Eulia ministrana in subarctic forests along an environmental disturbance gradient created by long-lasting severe impacts of aerial emissions of the copper–nickel smelter in Monchegorsk, northwestern Russia. We used pheromone traps to measure the population densities of this leafrolling moth and to collect specimens for assessment of three morphological stress indices: size, forewing melanization, and fluctuating asymmetry in wing venation. Wing length of E. ministrana increased by 10%, and neither forewing melanization nor fluctuating asymmetry changed from the unpolluted forest to the heavily polluted industrial barren. However, the population density of E. ministrana decreased 5 to 10 fold in the same pollution gradient. Thus, none of the studied potential morphological stress indicators signaled vulnerability of E. ministrana to environmental pollution and/or to pollution-induced environmental disturbance. We conclude that insect populations can decline without any visible signs of stress. The use of morphological proxies of insect fitness to predict the consequences of human impact on insect populations is therefore risky until causal relationships between these proxies and insect abundance are deciphered.
中文翻译：
Eulia ministrana（鳞翅目：Tortricidae）在污染栖息地的衰退并不伴随表型应激反应
环境污染目前被确定为昆虫种群快速下降的主要驱动因素之一，这一发现重新激发了人们对昆虫对污染的反应的兴趣。我们测试了这样一个假设，即污染引起的昆虫种群减少可以从表型应激反应中预测，表现为居住在污染和未污染地点的种群之间的形态差异。我们探索了黄铜色龟Eulia ministrana 的种群在俄罗斯西北部 Monchegorsk 的铜镍冶炼厂的空中排放的长期严重影响造成的环境干扰梯度沿线的亚北极森林中。我们使用信息素陷阱来测量这种卷叶蛾的种群密度，并收集标本以评估三个形态应力指数：大小、前翅黑化和翼脉中的波动不对称性。E. ministrana 的翼长增加了 10%，前翅黑色化和波动的不对称性都没有从未受污染的森林转变为重度污染的工业荒地。然而，E. ministrana的种群密度在相同的污染梯度下减少了 5 到 10 倍。因此，所研究的潜在形态压力指标均未表明E. ministrana对环境污染和/或污染引起的环境干扰的脆弱性。我们得出结论，昆虫种群可以在没有任何明显压力迹象的情况下下降。因此，在破译这些代理与昆虫丰度之间的因果关系之前，使用昆虫适合度的形态学指标来预测人类对昆虫种群的影响是有风险的。
更新日期：2020-08-11
中文翻译：
Eulia ministrana（鳞翅目：Tortricidae）在污染栖息地的衰退并不伴随表型应激反应
环境污染目前被确定为昆虫种群快速下降的主要驱动因素之一，这一发现重新激发了人们对昆虫对污染的反应的兴趣。我们测试了这样一个假设，即污染引起的昆虫种群减少可以从表型应激反应中预测，表现为居住在污染和未污染地点的种群之间的形态差异。我们探索了黄铜色龟Eulia ministrana 的种群在俄罗斯西北部 Monchegorsk 的铜镍冶炼厂的空中排放的长期严重影响造成的环境干扰梯度沿线的亚北极森林中。我们使用信息素陷阱来测量这种卷叶蛾的种群密度，并收集标本以评估三个形态应力指数：大小、前翅黑化和翼脉中的波动不对称性。E. ministrana 的翼长增加了 10%，前翅黑色化和波动的不对称性都没有从未受污染的森林转变为重度污染的工业荒地。然而，E. ministrana的种群密度在相同的污染梯度下减少了 5 到 10 倍。因此，所研究的潜在形态压力指标均未表明E. ministrana对环境污染和/或污染引起的环境干扰的脆弱性。我们得出结论，昆虫种群可以在没有任何明显压力迹象的情况下下降。因此，在破译这些代理与昆虫丰度之间的因果关系之前，使用昆虫适合度的形态学指标来预测人类对昆虫种群的影响是有风险的。
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