The objective of this study is to provide an overview of Blockchain technology and Industry 4.0 for advancing supply chains towards sustainability. First, extracted from the existing literature, we evaluate the capabilities of Industry 4.0 for sustainability under three main topics of (1) Internet of things (IoT)-enabled energy management in smart factories; (2) smart logistics and transportation; and (3) smart business models. We expand beyond Industry 4.0 with unfolding the capabilities that Blockchain offers for increasing sustainability, under four main areas: (1) design of incentive mechanisms and tokenization to promote consumer green behavior; (2) enhance visibility across the entire product lifecycle; (3) increase systems efficiency while decreasing development and operational costs; and (4) foster sustainability monitoring and reporting performance across supply chain networks. Furthermore, Blockchain technology capabilities for contributing to social and environmental sustainability, research gaps, adversary effects of Blockchain, and future research directions are discussed.

这项研究的目的是概述区块链技术和工业4.0，以促进供应链朝着可持续发展方向发展。首先，我们从现有文献中摘录以下三个主要主题，评估了工业4.0可持续性的能力：（1）智能工厂中支持物联网（IoT）的能源管理；（2）智能物流运输；（3）智能商业模式。我们通过以下四个主要领域，扩展了区块链为提高可持续性而提供的功能，超越了工业4.0：（1）设计激励机制和令牌化，以促进消费者绿色行为；（2）增强整个产品生命周期的可见性；（3）在降低开发和运营成本的同时提高系统效率；（4）促进跨供应链网络的可持续性监测和报告绩效。此外，还讨论了有助于社会和环境可持续发展的区块链技术能力，研究差距，区块链的不利影响以及未来的研究方向。